Objective
To study on the fat intake and its food sources among Shanghai population and explore the correlates of energy proportion contributed from fat, so as to provide scientific evidence for making nutrition policies and strategies.
Methods
Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to obtain a representative sample of Shanghai population from strata of urban, fringe, and rural areas according to the ratio of non-agricultural registered resident counts in sub-districts to those in townships. A total of 1944 subjects of 15 years old and above were recruited in the study. Data were collected during May-June in 2012. An inquiry survey was conducted to collect subjects' basic information. A dietary survey were conducted to collect 3-day diet and condiments intake.
Results
The residents of 15 years old and above in Shanghai had an average energy intake per day as 2 169.6 kcal, average total fat intake as 87.0 g, and average energy proportion contributed from fat as 36.6%. Specifically, 4.8% of the subjects reported insufficient energy proportion contributed from fat, 22.0% reported sufficient proportion, and the other 73.2% reported excessive proportion. Food sources of fat intake included cooking oil (43.9%), livestock (25.1%), and poultry (4.1%). The rural residents consumed a higher proportion of fat intake from cooking oil than those from the urban and the fringe areas (P < 0.05). Age and years of education might be the correlates of energy proportion contributed from fat (P < 0.05) according to multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
The residents in three types of areas in Shanghai have a high fat diet pattern. The residents in urban and urban-rural fringe areas tend to intake fat from animal derived food, whereas those in rural area tend to intake from cooking oil.
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