洗煤厂浮选剂中化学毒物的定性定量分析
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis on Toxic Chemicals in Flotation Agents Used in Coal Washeries
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摘要:
目的 识别洗煤厂浮选剂中存在的职业病危害因素,为职业病危害因素评价、检测提供依据。 方法 用活性炭管采集作业场所空气,采用气相色谱-质谱定性、气相色谱定量方法相结合,对某洗煤车间末儿煤浮选工段巡检工接触的化学毒物进行定性、定量检测。 结果 经气相色谱-质谱定性,该工段使用的浮选剂主要成分有2-溴庚烷、顺式3-甲基2-戊烯、2,4-己二烯、苯、1,1,3,3-四甲基丙二烯、4-甲基-1,4-己二烯、4,4-二甲基环戊烯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、1-甲基-2-异丙基苯、(R)-(+)-柠檬烯等。经气相色谱定量检测,该车间苯、甲苯、乙苯、2,4-己二烯、4,4-二甲基环戊烯的时间加权平均(TWA)浓度分别为6.5、10.8、2.3、13.7、14.0 mg/m3,短时间接触容许(STEL)浓度最大值分别为16.0、36.0、9.0、16.9、17.2 mg/m3。 结论 该洗煤车间末儿煤浮选工段巡检工接触的主要化学毒物有苯、甲苯、乙苯、2,4-己二烯、4,4-二甲基环戊烯和二甲苯等。和国家标准相比较,巡检工接触苯的TWA浓度超标,STEL浓度超过国家标准1.6 倍,甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯不超标。 Abstract:Objective To identify occupational hazardous substances in flotation agents used by coal washeries, and to provide basis for measure and evaluation of occupational hazards. Methods Air samples from working environment were collected using active carbon tube. The chemical toxicants in flotation agents were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results The main chemicals detected in the flotation agents were 2-bromoheptane, cis-3-methyl-2-pentene, 2, 4-hexadiene, benzene, 1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyl-propadiene, 4-methyl-1, 4-hexadiene, 4, 4-dimethylcyclopentene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, 1-methyl-2-isopropyl-benzene, and (R)-(+)-limonene. The time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 2, 4-hexadiene, and 4, 4-dimethylcyclopentene were 6.5, 10.8, 2.3, 13.7, and 14.0 mg/m3, respectively. The corresponding maximum short-term exposure limit (STEL) concentrations were 16.0, 36.0, 9.0, 16.9, and 17.2 mg/m3, respectively. Conclusion The major chemicals exposed by the inspection workers in the coal flotation section include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 2, 4-hexadiene, 4, 4-dimethylcyclopentene, and xylene. The TWA concentration of benzene exceeds the national standard, and the STEL concentration of benzene is 1.6 times that of the national standard, but concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene meet the national standards.
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