上海市闵行区2009-2011年水痘暴发疫情分析
Chickenpox Outbreaks in Minhang District of Shanghai, 2009-2011
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摘要:
目的 分析2009-2011 年闵行区水痘暴发疫情流行趋势, 为制定水痘预防控制措施提供依据。 方法 运用描述流行病学方法, 对2009-2011 年闵行区发生的水痘暴发疫情资料进行分析。 结果 闵行区2009-2011 年间共暴发水痘疫情69 起, 暴发病例数共计681 例, 暴发点均为教学机构, 以小学最多, 占暴发疫情的65.64% ;暴发点学生总数120 098, 罹患率为0.57%。疫情有上升趋势。每年3-5 月与10-12 月为发病高峰, 5~14 岁占了全部病例的80.76%, 男女比为1.65:1;地区间存在差异, 学校分布集中的镇(街道)暴发疫情多。水痘突破病例占37.15%, 接种和发病时间间隔集中在3~10 年的占95.41%, 并以5~7 年相对集中。暴发疫情报告时间与首例病人发病时间间隔中位数为8 d, 最长为35 d。 结论 校园水痘暴发疫情形势严峻, 是防控的重点单位, 应采取切实有效的综合防控措施控制水痘疫情。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the trend of chickenpox outbreak in Minhang District, Shanghai from 2009 to 2011, and to provide basis for developing chickenpox control and prevention measures. Methods Data about chickenpox outbreak from 2009 to 2011 in Minhang Distrct were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 69 chickenpox outbreaks involving 681 cases occurred in Minhang District from 2009 to 2011. All outbreak spots were educational institutions, in which the outbreaks occurred in primary schools accounted for 65.64% of total outbreaks. The outbreak spots covered 120 098 students and the attack rate was 0.57%. An uprising trend of chickenpox was suggested. Two incidence peaks were identified: between March and May and between October and December in each selected year. The patients aged 5-14 years old accounted for 80.76% of all the cases. The ratio of male to female was 1.65:1. Regional variations in the chickenpox outbreaks were found, and more outbreaks occurred in the towns(neighborhoods)with more centralized schools. The breakthrough varicella cases accounted for 37.15% of all the cases. Nearly all(95.41%)of the intervals between vaccination and boarding ranged from 3 to 10 years, and most of which was from 5 to 7 years. The median interval between chickenpox outbreak reporting and the first onset was 8 days, and the maximum was 35 days. Conclution The severe chickenpox outbreaks indicate that the school campuses are the focus of chichenpox related disease control strategy. Effective measures should be adopted for chickenpox prevention and control.
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