土法炼锌场地铅污染及其农作物和居民铅暴露评估
Assessment of Lead Contamination and Lead Exposure of Residents and Crops in Traditional Artisanal Zinc Smelting Areas
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摘要:
目的 对土法炼锌场地居民铅暴露情况进行评估。 方法 以贵州省毕节市赫章县妈姑镇水塘村土法炼锌场地为暴露区一,妈姑镇何家冲村为暴露区二;妈姑镇水塘村无土法炼锌区及可乐乡和幺站镇为对照区。从暴露区一、二和对照区采集土壤;从暴露区一、二和幺站镇采集玉米的根、茎、叶、果实,和其他4 种农作物以及动物内脏等样本,测定铅含量。从暴露区一、二随机采集血样130 份、尿样141 份,从幺站镇随机采集血、尿样各108 份,测定血铅(BPb)、尿铅(UPb)等指标。 结果 暴露区一和暴露区二土壤含铅量分别为(144 572.917& #177;49 811.950)mg/kg、(38 520.833& #177;28 580.715)mg/kg;主要农作物含铅量为玉米0.273 1 mg/kg、卷心菜0.008 9 mg/kg、小白菜0.053 3 mg/kg、白萝卜0.004 4 mg/kg、土豆0.033 6 mg/kg;主要可食性动物内脏铅含量为猪肝(6.966 7& #177;3.196 0)mg/kg、猪肾(17.833 3& #177;10.662 4)mg/kg、鸡肝(1.048 7& #177;0.546 5)mg/kg、鸡肾(0.330 7& #177;0.221 5)mg/kg,均高于对照区(P<0.05 或P<0.01)。暴露区居民血、尿铅含量分别为169.446 μg/L、26.820 μg/gCr,与对照区居民相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 结论 土法炼锌使当地土壤受到铅污染,农作物和动物内脏具有铅富集的特征,暴露区居民的血铅和尿铅均高于对照区。 Abstract:Objective To assess lead exposure in traditional artisanal zinc smelting areas. Methods Two areas that were involved in traditional artisanal zinc smelting in Shuitang Village and Hejiachong Village of Magu Town, Guizhou Province were selected as exposed area I and II. Another Shuitang area without lead related involvement, Kele Village, and Yaozhan Town were selected as control area I, II, and III. Soils from 2 exposed areas and 3 control areas, corns (roots, stems, leaves, and fruits), cabbages, Chinese cabbages, white turnips, potatoes, and livestock viscera (kidneys and livers of swines an chickens) from 2 exposed areas and Yaozhan Town were sampled for lead content determination. Blood and urine samples were collected from 2 exposed areas (130, 141) and Yaozhan Town (108, 108) for blood lead (BPb) and urine lead (UPb) detection. Results In the exposed area I and II, the lead levels in soil were (144 572.917& #177;49 811.950) mg/kg and (38 520.833& #177;28 580.715) mg/kg, respectively; the average lead levels of 5 vegetables (corns, 0.273 1 mg/kg; cabbages, 0.008 9 mg/kg; Chinese cabbages, 0.053 3 mg/kg; white turnips, 0.004 4 mg/kg; potatoes, 0.033 6 mg/kg) and edible animal viscera swine livers, (6.966 7& #177;3.196 0) mg/kg; swine kidneys, (17.833 3& #177;10.662 4) mg/kg; chicken livers, (1.048 7& #177;0.546 5) mg/kg; chicken kidneys, (0.330 7& #177;0.221 5) mg/kg in the two exposed areas were significantly elevated (P<0.05, P<0.01). The residents' samples from the exposed areas also showed a higher level of BPb (169.446 μg/L) and UPb (26.820 μg/gCr) (P<0.01). Conclusion The soils in traditional artisanal zinc smelting areas are contaminated by lead. The crops and livestock viscera demonstrate characteristics of lead migration and enrichment. The contents of BPb and UPb of exposed population are significantly higher than the controls.
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