妊娠早期常用电器暴露对妊娠结局的影响
Effect of Electromagnetic Field Exposure in First Trimester of Pregnancy on Pregnancy Outcomes
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摘要:
目的 研究妊娠早期常用电器暴露对妊娠结局的影响。 方法 采用临床流行病学调查。将临床病例分为两组:病例组199 名, 为临床确诊为自然流产、稽留流产、死胎、胎儿畸形、胎儿宫内生长受限、分娩足月低体重儿的所有不良妊娠结局的孕妇;对照组201 例, 为随机选取分娩正常足月儿的妇女。两组对象均同年在同一医院就诊。通过问卷调查表了解两组孕妇在妊娠早期的生活环境, 尤其是妊娠早期常用电器暴露情况, 分析常用电器暴露对妊娠结局的影响。应用χ2 检验、秩和检验进行单因素分析, 应用多因素条件logistic 逐步回归分析常用电器暴露与不良妊娠的关系。检验水准α=0.05。 结果 单因素分析中, 病例组每周手机使用时间、手机携带比例及时间, 电脑、电磁炉、无绳电话、复印机的使用比例及每周使用时间, 使用微波炉的比例和使用时与其距离, 均明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)。上述因素在logistic 回归分析中两组之间差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 妊娠早期暴露于手机、电视、电脑、微波炉、复印机、电磁炉、电热毯、无绳电话等电子产品所产生的电磁场对妊娠结局未见影响。 Abstract:Objective To identify the effect of electromagnetic field exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes. Methods A clinical epidemiological investigation was conducted in 199 cases with diagnosed adverse pregnancy outcomes including spontaneous abortion, missed abortion, stillbirth, fetal malformation, intrauterine growth restriction, and delivery of full-term low birth weight infants, and 201 controls who delivered healthy and full-term newborns. The two groups were recruited from the same hospital in the same year. Information on living environment in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially electromagnetic field exposure, was surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire to determine the effect of electromagnetic field exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes. Chi-square test, rank sum test, and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis were performed. Results The weekly usage time, carrying time, and carrying ratio of mobile phone, the usage ratio and weekly usage time of computer, electromagnetic furnace, cordless telephone, copier, and microwave oven, and the distance away from the microwave oven in the case group were statistically higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) in the univariate analysis. The results of logistic regression analysis showed no significant differences in the above mentioned factors between the case group and the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Exposure to mobile phone, television, computer, microwave oven, copier, electromagnetic furnace, electric blanket, cordless telephone in the first trimester of pregnancy has no effect on pregnancy outcomes.
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