上海市居民食用水产品的镉暴露水平概率评估
Probability Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Level from Aquatic Food in Shanghai Residents
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市售水产品中镉污染状况及居民水产品食用情况,掌握本市居民食用水产品的镉暴露水平,评估水产品中镉污染对人体健康危害的风险。 方法 以分层随机抽样的方法,采集水产品样品 428 件,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行样品检测;采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,应用食物频率表法调查本市 2 630 名居民的水产品食用情况;应用膳食摄入量评估模型和 Crystal Ball 软件进行镉暴露的评估。 结果 上海市售水产品中镉含量平均值为 0.038 3 mg/kg,淡水鱼、海水鱼、甲壳类、软体类水产品中镉含量平均值分别为 0.008 2、0.016 8、0.046 9、0.091 0 mg/kg;上海市居民对该 4类水产品的平均日消费量分别为 21.78、10.85、28.43、3.81 g/d;青年人淡水鱼和甲壳类水产品消费量较高,平均值分别为 29.38 g/d和 39.37 g/d,中年人海水鱼消费量较高,平均值为 15.96 g/d,老年人、幼儿各类水产品消费量均较低。本市居民食用水产品镉摄入量的 95%可信区间为(0.00,0.12)mg/周,4.80%的居民镉摄入量超出暂定每周容许摄入量(PTWI)。幼儿、未成年、青年、中年及老年人镉摄入量的第 97.5百分位数分别为 0.05、0.13、0.10、0.15和 0.14 mg/周。 结论 上海市居民食用水产品镉暴露水平偏高,4.80%的居民存在镉的健康危害风险,尤其是幼儿及未成年人。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate cadmium intake from aquatic food and its health risks in Shanghai by investigating cadmium concentration and the dietary consumption of aquatic food. Methods A total of 428 aquatic food samples were collected by stratified random sampling method and determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. A food frequency questionnaire was designed to collect information on aquatic food intake in 2 630 Shanghai residents recruited by multistage stratified random sampling method. Cadmium exposure level was calculated using dietary intake assessment model and Crystal Ball software. Results The average concentration of cadmium in the aquatic food samples was 0.038 3 mg/kg, and the mean values in fresh-water fish, marine fish, crustacean, and mollusk were 0.008 2, 0.016 8, 0.046 9, and 0.091 0 mg/kg, respectively. The mean values of daily consumption of fresh-water fish, marine fish, crustacean, and mollusk were 21.78, 10.85, 28.43, and 3.81 g/d, respectively in selected residents. The participants with age of 18-34 years (young group) consumed more fresh-water fish (29.38 g/d) and crustacean (39.37 g), the participants with age of 35-59 years (middle-age group) ate more marine fish (15.96 g). The consumptions of 4 aquatic food categories were low in the ≥ 60-year-old participants (elderly group) and 1-to <3-year-old infants. The 95% confidence interval of weekly cadmium intakes from aquatic food was 0.00-0.12 mg. According to the probability assessment, 4.80% of selected residents' cadmium intakes exceeded provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 97.5 percentiles of weekly cadmium intakes in the groups of infants, children, young, middle-aged, and elderly were 0.05, 0.13, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.14mg, respectively. Conclusion Cadmium exposure levels from aquatic food are high in Shanghai residents, among whom 4.80% are at the risk of adverse health effects, especially infants and children.
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