某荧光灯制造企业汞接触工人职业健康状况及影响因素
Health Status and Related Impact Factors of Workers Exposed to Mercury in a Fluorescent Lamp Manufacturing Enterprise
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摘要:
目的 了解某荧光灯制造企业汞接触工人职业健康状况,分析影响尿汞水平的因素。 方法 根据国家相关职业卫生标准对工作场所进行职业卫生学调查,并按照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》 (GBZ 159-2004)中规定的采样原则在每个岗位设置了一个采样点。对汞接触人员进行职业健康检查,检查内容包括问诊,内、外科,口腔科,实验室检查, B超,心电图等。共调查汞接触工人1031名,其中男性351名,女性680名,年龄20~57岁。 结果 该企业122个检测点空气中汞浓度范围为0.001~0.013 mg/m3,均未超标。1031名工人尿汞浓度范围为0.22~58.71μg/g肌酐,中位数为3.26μg/g肌酐, 9人尿汞浓度超标,超标率0.87%。尿蛋白阳性198人,阳性率19.20%;神经系统异常113人,异常率10.96%。女性工人的尿汞水平(中位数为3.38μg/g肌酐)高于男性(中位数为3.07μg/g肌酐) (P=0.036);年龄与尿汞浓度呈正相关(r=0.089, P=0.011);工龄与尿汞浓度无相关。 结论 该企业各岗位空气中汞浓度均低于0.02 mg/m3, 0.87%的工人尿汞浓度超标。性别和年龄可能为尿汞浓度的影响因素。 Abstract:Objective To understand the occupational health status of workers exposed to mercury in a fluorescent lamp manufacturing enterprise and analyze the factors that affect the level of urinary mercury. Methods An occupational health survey of workplace was performed according to relevant national standards and air sampling spots were set up at each post following the Sampling specification of harmful substances monitoring in workplace air (GBZ 159-2004). The workers exposed to mercury accepted occupational health examinations including basic information inquiry, internal medicine, surgery, stomatology, laboratory examination, B ultrasound, and electrocardiogram. Totally 1 031 workers participated in this survey, including 351 men and 680 women with age ranged from 20 to 57 years old. Results The mercury concentrations in air of 122 sampling spots ranged from 0.001 to 0.013 mg/m3, and all were qualified. The urinary mercury concentrations of 1 031 workers ranged from 0.22 to 58.71 μg/gCr (median, 3.26 μg/gCr), of which 9 workers were disqualified (>35 μg/gCr) and the disqualification rate was 0.87%. The positive rate of urinary protein was 19.20% (198 workers), and the nervous system abnormal rate was 10.96% (113 workers). The females' urinary mercury concentration (median, 3.38 μg/gCr) was higher than the males' (median, 3.07 μg/gCr) (P=0.036). A positive correlation was exhibited between the urinary mercury concentrations and age (r=0.089, P=0.011). There was no correlation between working years and the urinary mercury concentrations. Conclusion The mercury concentrations at each post in the investigated fluorescent lam p manufacturing enterprise are lower than 0.02 mg/m3 and few (0.87%) workers' urinary mercury concentrations are over 35 μg/gCr. Gender and age are potentail impact factors of urinary mercury concentration.
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