河北省廊坊市香河县苯职业危害企业职业卫生投入分析
Occupational Health Costs of Enterprises with Occupational Benzene Hazard in Xianghe County, Langfang, Hebei
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摘要:
目的 调查河北省廊坊市香河县苯职业危害企业职业卫生投入经费及分布状况,初步评估其职业病防治水平。 方法 对香河县245家苯职业危害中小企业职业卫生投入状况开展问卷调查,对调查结果进行统计分析。 结果 每位劳动者平均享有758.7元人民币职业卫生费用; 245家企业职业卫生总经费共237.2万元人民币,占其全年总产值的0.6%,企业职业卫生费用及其占全年总产值比值均呈正偏态分布,无职业卫生投入的企业23家,占9.4%;职业病危害因素检测与评价、职业健康监护、职业卫生培训费用分别占职业卫生总投入的15.3%、17.2%、15.1%。 结论 香河县苯职业危害企业职业卫生投入较低,职业病防治工作总体较落后;有限的防治经费未能更多地配置到具有较高防治效费比的环节,防治策略针对性不强,未能突出高效环节。 Abstract:Objective To describe distributions of occupational health costs of enterprises with occupational benzene hazard in Xianghe County, Hebei Province, and to evaluate levels of occupational disease prevention and control. Methods A questionnaire survey on occupational health costs was conducted among 245 small and medium-sized enterprises with occupational benzene hazard in Xianghe County. Obtained results were used for statistical analysis. Results The per capita occupational health cost was RMB 758.7 yuan. The overall occupational health costs of 245 enterprises amounted to RMB 2.372 million yuan, accounting for 0.6% of their overall annual gross product. The distribution of occupational health costs and its proportion to gross product showed a positive skewness. Twenty-three enterprises invested zero in occupational health, accounting for 9.4% of all enterprises investigated. The costs of detection and evaluation of occupational hazardous factors, occupational health surveillance, and occupational health training accounted for 15.3%, 17.2%, and 15.1% of the total occupational health costs, respectively. Conclusion The enterprises with occupational benzene hazard in Xianghe County invest insufficient capital in occupational health, and their effort for prevention and control is generally on low levels. The limited funds for prevention and control are not invested in those sections with higher cost-effectiveness ratios. Moreover, their prevention and control strategies are not well-directed and fail to prioritize those important sections.
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