广东地区制造业工人职业安全态度与安全生产行为
Occupational Safety Attitudes and Behaviors in Manufacturing Workers, Guangdong
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摘要:
目的 了解广东地区制造业生产工人职业安全态度与安全生产行为之间的关系,为促进工人安全生产行为和健康提供科学依据。 方法 对广东地区46 家制造业企业10 585 名一线生产工人进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括社会人口学特征、职业安全态度和安全生产行为,其中职业安全态度包括“消极态度”、“对安全政策的态度”、“对管理者支持的态度”和“乐观态度”等4 个维度,安全生产行为包括“工作姿势”、“操作安全”、“个人防护”和“工作卫生习惯”4 个方面。采用线性回归分析职业安全态度与安全生产行为的关系。 结果 回收问卷9 020 份(应答率为85.22%),合格问卷7 906 份(合格率为87.65%)。参与调查的工人平均年龄为(30.45& #177;8.63)岁,平均工龄为(6.99& #177;6.52)年,男性占52.5%。多因素线性回归分析结果发现,“消极态度”与各安全生产行为有统计学负关联,“对管理者支持的态度”、“乐观态度”与“个人防护”安全生产行为的关联无统计学意义,职业安全态度的其它各维度与安全生产行为各维度均呈统计学正关联。 结论 工人的职业安全态度与安全生产行为有关,不同的职业安全态度对安全生产行为的影响存在区别。应在促进职业安全与健康的工作中注重改善工人的职业安全态度,以提高工作场所中安全生产行为。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational safety attitudes and behaviors among manufacturing workers in Guangdong areas for the promotion of occupational safety behaviors and health. Methods A total of 10 585 forefront workers were selected from 46 manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong areas and were asked to complete selfadministered questionnaires on their demographic characteristics, occupational safety attitudes (i.e. negative attitudes, attitudes toward safety policy, attitudes toward management support, and positive attitudes) and behaviors (i.e. work postures, operational safety, personal protections and health habits). Linear regression analyses were employed to test the relationship between occupational safety attitudes and behaviors. Results Of the 10 585 questionnaires delivered, 9 020 (85.22%) were returned and 7 906 (87.65%) were valid. The mean age and the mean working age of the participants were (30.45& #177;8.63) and (6.99& #177;6.52) years, respectively, and 52.5% of them were male. Negative attitudes were negatively associated with each occupational safety behavior. No associations of attitudes toward management support and positive attitudes were found with personal protections. Positive associations were found between the other dimensions of occupational attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion Occupational safety attitudes are associated with occupational safety behaviors and the associations vary with attitudes and behaviors. It is suggested that in order to improve workers' safety behaviors, more efforts should be made to enhance safety attitudes.
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