非金属矿物制品制造业卫生防护距离研制
Determination of Health Protection Zone Standard for Nonmetallic Mineral Production
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摘要:
目的 了解非金属矿物制品业无组织排放水平, 制定非金属矿物制品业卫生防护距离标准。 方法 通过收集行业资料选择代表全国先进生产工艺水平的非金属矿物制品企业作为被测企业, 选择工艺相似、原料相同、选址相近的可比性企业作为类比企业。现场监测无组织排放量(Qc), 根据被测企业的特点分别选用地面浓度反推法计算水泥和石灰制品业的卫生防护距离, 选用通量法计算石棉制造业的卫生防护距离, 选用物料衡算法计算石墨炭素制品业的卫生防护距离, 类比分析不同规模同类企业的卫生防护距离, 结合被测企业周边人群健康状况流行病学调查统计学秩和检验结果, 预测合理的卫生防护距离标准值。 结果 非金属矿物制品制造业卫生防护距离标准建议值按当地近五年平均风速分别为:水泥制造业 300 m、200 m和 200 m; 石灰制造业生产规模 ≤ 20& #215;104 t/a者分别为 400 m、300 m和 300 m,生产规模> 20& #215;104 t/a者分别为 500 m、400 m和 300 m; 石棉制品制造业分别为 400 m、300 m和 200 m; 石墨炭素制品制造业超高功率石墨电极 <3& #215;104 t/a 者分别为 800 m、700 m 和 600 m; 超高功率石墨电极 ≥ 3& #215;104 t/a 者分别为 1 200 m、1 200 m和 900 m。人群健康状况流行病学调查回收有效问卷 347份, 秩和检验结果显示, 人群出现的症状或体症例数总体分布在不同距离间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 设置卫生防护距离标准值应当综合考虑风速与规模的影响,分档给出标准建议值。以行业分类制定卫生防护距离标准具有可行性。 Abstract:Objective To quantify the unorganized emission of nonmetallic mineral production and to propose the health protection zone standard for it. Methods The detected enterprises which represented the national advanced technology level of nonmetallic mineral production were selected through industry data. The analogic enterprises of similar production process and location with same raw materials were selected. The quantity concentration of fugitive emission (Qc) was detected by field monitoring. The health protection zone for cement and lime industry was calculated by ground concentration inverse method, that for asbestos industry by flux method, and that for graphite industry by material balance method, to analyze the health protection zone for similar enterprises of different scales. Residential health epidemiology survey and rank sum test were adopted to give reasonable health protection zone standard. Results The health protection zone standard for nonmetallic mineral production in line with the average wind speed of recent 5 years were as follows:300 m, 200 m and 200 m for cement industry; 400 m, 300 m and 300 m for lime industry with production scale ≤ 20& #215;104 t/a, and 500 m, 400 m and 300 m for that with production scale > 20& #215;104 t/a; 400 m, 300 m and 200 m for asbestos industry; 800 m, 700 m and 600 m for graphite industry with ultra high power graphite electrode < 3& #215;104 t/a, and 1 200 m, 1 200 m and 900 m for that with ultra high power graphite electrode ≥ 3& #215;104 t/a. A total of 347 questionnaires were available and showed significant differences of symptoms distributed in different health protection zones (P <0.05). Conclusion Wind speed and production scale are the factors considered in setting health protection zone standard. It is feasible to make the standard according to industry classification.
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