晶硅太阳能光伏电池生产的职业危害特点及其防控对策
Characteristics and Control Strategies of Occupational Hazards in Crystal Silicon Solar Energy Photovoltaic Battery Production
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摘要:
目的 调查晶硅太阳能光伏电池生产的职业危害特点和现状, 并对进一步健全和完善职业危害防控策略进行探讨。 方法 对上海市 4家从事晶硅太阳能光伏电池生产企业的生产工艺、卫生工程防护措施、职业健康监护和职业卫生管理制度等现状进行调查, 并对作业场所职业病危害因素浓度(强度)进行检测。 结果 晶硅太阳能光伏电池生产工艺较为复杂, 涉及的原、辅料多达 20余种, 员工在生产过程中可能接触到多种刺激性化学毒物和多种粉尘,且其中一半以上为中毒或高毒物质, 但生产企业采取了一定的卫生工程防护措施, 基本建立了职业健康监护和职业卫生管理制度。除喷砂间碳化硅粉尘浓度超标外, 其余作业场所职业病危害因素浓度 (强度)均明显低于国家职业接触限值。 结论 晶硅太阳能光伏电池生产企业的职业卫生管理状况基本符合要求, 但该行业的职业病潜在危害不容忽视, 应进一步健全和完善职业危害防控策略。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the status and features of occupational hazards in crystal silicon solar energy photovoltaic battery production, and to explore solutions for the improvement of occupational hazard control strategies. Methods A survey on technology, hygienic engineering measures, occupational health surveillance and management was conducted in 4 crystal silicon solar energy photovoltaic battery manufacturing plants in Shanghai, where the concentration (level) of occupational hazard factor was also monitored. Results The technology of solar energy photovoltaic battery was complicated and involved more than 20 kinds of materials. The workers were exposed to various irritant chemicals and dusts, half of which were severe or moderate poisons. All of the 4 plants took certain hygienic engineering measures and basically established health surveillance and hygienic management system. All the occupational hazard concentrations (levels) were significantly below the national allowable occupational exposure levels (OELs) except that of carborundum in sand-blast shop. Conclusion The occupational health management of the 4 manufacturing plants is in line with the regulatory requirements, but potential hazards of occupational diseases should not be ignored. It is necessary to further improve the prevention and control measures for occupational hazards.
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