某矿区冶炼企业基本职业卫生服务现状调查
A Survey of Basic Occupational Health Services in a Smelting Enterprise
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摘要:
目的 调查了解经济欠发达地区冶炼企业的基本职业卫生服务现状和监督管理情况,为此类地区职业卫生服务的发展提供借鉴。 方法 采用现场观察法和抽样问卷调查法,对某冶炼企业工人发放调查问卷,同时根据基本职业卫生服务要求,进行现场粉尘、烟尘浓度监测和工人发样中重金属含量检测。 结果 该企业职业危害因素主要是噪声、粉尘、刺激性化学气体、金属烟尘等。该矿区的基本职业卫生服务水平较低,工人的基本职业卫生服务覆盖率仅为37.0%。工人对职业防护知识的理解和掌握程度较低,仅63.2%的工人表示可以掌握职业防护知识。 结论 企业生产过程中存在多种职业危害因素,应采取防尘、降噪等措施改进作业环境。企业的基本职业卫生服务工作需要根据当地情况,逐步改进和扩大职业卫生服务覆盖人群。 Abstract:Objective To investigate and understand basic occupational health services (BOHS) status of metallurgical enterprises in economically underdeveloped regions,as well as their supervision and management levels,so as to provide reference for similar areas. Methods Workers of a smelting enterprise were asked to answer a questionnaire.In the meantime,dust concentrations were monitored in this enterprise and heavy metal contents in workers' hair were detected. Results The major occupational hazards in this enterprise studied were noise,dust,irritant chemicals,metal fume,etc.Only 37% workers were covered by BOHS,and 63.2% of them were aware of knowledge of occupational protection. Conclusion There are a variety of occupational hazards in production process,and therefore corresponding control measures,such as dust suppression and noise reduction,should be taken to improve operating environment.The BOHS in this enterprise,according to local situation,should be gradually improved and popularized.
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