上海市两社区大气细颗粒物的污染状况
Status of Ambient Air Pollution of Fine Particle Matters at Two Communities in Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市社区大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)的污染状况。 方法 于2008年1月至2009年12月在上海市大气污染程度不同的2个社区(A社区为中心城区、B社区位于郊区)设置监测点,每月10~16日连续监测PM2.5浓度,数据采集后采用Wilcoxon秩和检验进行统计分析。 结果 B社区的PM2.5浓度在4、6月份均高于A社区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);冬季两社区污染最严重,夏秋季最轻; B社区夏季的PM2.5浓度高于A社区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01); 2009年B社区浓度高于A社区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。以美国国家环境保护局(Environmental ProtectionAgency, EPA)标准评价两社区污染水平均超标, 2008和2009年A社区超标率分别为54.76%和35.71%,最大超标倍数为4.51倍, B社区超标率分别为63.10%和67.86%,最大超标倍数达5.26倍;与世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)《空气质量准则》第一阶段目标相比,除A社区2009年未超标外,两社区其余年份均超标。 结论 两社区PM2.5污染呈冬季严重,夏秋季减轻的特点, B社区PM2.5的污染问题较A社区严重,两社区的PM2.5的污染水平与美国EPA标准和WHO第一阶段目标相比均存在超标问题。 Abstract:Objective To understand the situation of fine air particle matters (PM2.5) pollution at two communities in Shanghai. Methods From 2008 to 2009,air samples were collected at fixed sites in two communities (A district was a resident area and B district adjacent the industry area) for monitoring the PM2.5 concentration with membrane gravimetric method every month.Air samples were continuously collected for 7 d each time in order to calculating daily average concentration.Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon rank sum test in SPSS 11.5 software,and adopted median (M) and central quadruplets (P25 to P75) in presence. Results The monthly PM2.5 level in site B was higher than that in site A,the differences were significant in April and June (P<0.05).The pollution was most serious in winter but least in summer and autumn.The quaternary level of PM2.5 in site B was higher significantly than that in site A in summer (P<0.01).In 2009,the PM2.5 level in site B was higher significantly than that in site A (P<0.001).The concentration values of PM2.5 in two sites were all beyond the Air Quality Planning and Standard of U.S Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) from 2008 to 2009.The exceeded proportions of PM2.5 concentration in site A were 54.76% and 35.71%,and the maximal exceeding was 4.51 folds.As for the site B,the exceeded proportions were 63.10% and 67.86%,and the maximal exceeding was 5.26 folds.Compared with World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines interim targets Ⅰ,the PM2.5 levels of two communities were exceeded except for site A in 2009. Conclusion PM2.5 pollution in two communities was serious in winter but less in summer and autumn.The air pollution in site B was more serious than that in site A because of the nearby iron and steel industry.Compared with the air quality standards of U.S.EPA and WHO air quality guidelines interim targets Ⅰ,the PM2.5 levels in two sampling sites were exceeded all.
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