某县改水降氟防治地方性氟中毒实施情况监测与分析
Monitoring and Analysis of the Implementation Status of Water Defluorination for Controlling Endemic Fluorosis in a County
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摘要:
目的 了解某县改水降氟工程运行情况及地方性氟中毒防治效果。 方法 于2009年4~6月,从某县随机抽取8个镇,调查共计32处改水降氟工程质量及出厂前后水中氟含量,检查8个镇共计1 059名8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况,并从每个镇随机抽取50名8~12周岁儿童检测尿氟含量。 结论 32处改水降氟工程中,正常使用16处,正常使用率50%,间歇使用5处,可用共计21处,受益人口18 835人。水源水中氟含量与改水后管网末梢水中氟含量有差异(T=1.000,P=0.001)。有5镇儿童尿氟含量中位数>1.40 mg/L。儿童氟斑牙的平均检出率为48.91%,缺损率为14.92%,氟斑牙指数为1.06。 结论 该县改水降氟工程运行情况不佳,多数地区改水后水中氟浓度依然超标,改水降氟工作任重而道远。 Abstract:Objective To understand the present status of water defluorination project and the efficiency of controlling endemic fluorosis in a county. Methods During April through June, 2009, 8 towns were selected from the county by simple random sampling, 32 water defluorination projects were investigated for their quality and water fluoride contents were monitored. A total of 1 059 children between 8 and 12 years old were examined for dental fluorosis, and 50 children in the same age group were randomly selected from each town to be examined for their urine fluoride content. Results Only 16 water defluorination projects were in normal use, the normal usage rate was 50.00%, 5 projects were in intermittent use. All the projects benefitted 18 835 residents altogether. The fluoride contents showed statistically significant differences between source water and tap water(T=1.000, P=0.001). The medians of the urine fluoride content of children in the selected 5 towns were greater than 1.40 mg/L. The average dental fluorosis rate in the examined children was 48.91%, the defect rate was 14.92%, and the dental fluorosis index was 1.06. Conclusion The situation of the water defluorination projects was unacceptable, most of towns were threatened by the water with high fluoride content even started the defluorination project. The program of water defluorination has much work to do and long way to go.
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