大气细颗粒物及铅化合物对大鼠肺及血液的毒性
Pneumotoxicity and Hematotoxicity of Airborne Fine Particles and Lead Compounds on Rats
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摘要:
目的 观察气管滴注大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)和3种铅化合物(PbSO4、PbCl2和PbO)对大鼠的急性肺毒性及血液毒性作用。 方法 将78只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、PM2.5染毒组(低、中、高染毒剂量分别为1.6、8.0、40.0 mg/kg体重)、PbSO4、PbCl2和PbO染毒组。其中,3种铅化合物的低、中、高染毒剂量分别为13.5、67.5、337.5 μg/kg体重。各剂量组均经气管滴注连续染毒3 d。末次染毒24 h后,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞计数,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、白蛋白(ALB)及总蛋白(TP)的含量;收集血液测定全血中δ-氨基-γ酮戊酸脱水酶(δ-ALAD)活性。 结果 PM2.5及3种铅化合物均可致大鼠BALF中的中性粒细胞比例明显升高,巨噬细胞比例明显降低;随着染毒剂量的增加,BALF中LDH、AKP、ACP、TP和ALB含量随之升高,呈现出一定的剂量效应关系,且PM2.5引起的上述作用较铅化合物明显。3种铅化合物两两比较发现,硫酸铅组对中性粒细胞比例、巨噬细胞比例、AKP、ACP和TP的作用较为明显。末次染毒24 h后,大鼠全血中δ-ALAD活性随染毒剂量的升高而降低,PM2.5组作用较铅化合物明显;3种铅化合物中,硫酸铅的降低作用最明显。 结论 气管滴注PM2.5和3种铅化合物均可引起Wistar大鼠的急性肺毒性及血液毒性;与含同剂量铅的PM2.5相比,铅化合物的作用较弱。而3种铅化合物的毒性也互不相同,其中硫酸铅的毒性最大。 Abstract:Objective To study the pneumotoxicity and hematotoxicity of PM2.5 and three lead compounds (PbSO4, PbCl2 and PbO)in rats. Methods Seventy-eight SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups including saline control group, fine particulate matter exposure group (low, medium and high exposure dose were 1.6, 8.0, 40.0 mg/kg& #183;bw respectively), lead sulfate exposure group, lead chloride exposure group and lead oxide exposure group. The low, medium and high exposure dose of lead exposure groups were 13.5, 67.5, 337.5 μg/kg& #183;bw respectively. Each dose group was exposed to a intra-tracheal instillation for three consecutive days, once per day. Twenty four hours after the last exposure, the rats were sacrificed and brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were collected and analyzed to measure the ingredients changeslactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), albumin (ALB)and total protein (TP). Blood were collected to analyze the activity of δ-ALAD. Results PM2.5 and three lead compounds all induced the increase of the percentage of neutrophils and reduce the percentage of macrophages in BALF. The content of LDH, AKP, ACP, TP and ALB in exposure groups were higher than those in control group with a significant dose-response correlation. Those effects induced by PM2.5 were more significant than lead compounds. On comparing with two other lead compounds, lead sulfate was the most significant one. Twenty four hours after the last exposure, δ-ALAD activity in blood was lowered as the lead dose increased. This effect induced by PM2.5 was more significant than lead compounds. The δ-ALAD activity reduced by lead sulfate was the most significant among all three lead compounds. Conclusion Intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 and three lead compounds could resulted in pneumotoxicity and hematotoxicity in Wistar rats, compared with the same dose of lead-containing PM2.5, these lead compounds are less effective. The toxicity of these lead compounds is different from each other, and the toxic effects induced by lead sulfate are most significant.
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