氯代苯类化合物对斑马鱼胚胎的单一急性毒性
Individual Acute Toxicity of Chlorobenzenes on Zebrafish Embryo
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摘要:
目的 为进一步开展水生生物毒理实验研究剂量和毒理学终点选择提供科学依据,并初步揭示氯代苯类化合物致毒机制。 方法 以氯代苯类化合物为测试毒物(包括一氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯、对二氯苯和1,2,4-三氯苯),以斑马鱼胚胎为测试对象,进行单一急性毒性测试。实验选用24孔细胞培养板作为胚胎染毒实验容器。从胚胎染毒开始间隔4 h显微观察,记录氯代苯类化合物对斑马鱼胚胎单一急性毒性效应(包括致死效应和亚致死效应),描述相应毒理学终点的变化情况,直至72 h结束。 结果 通过实验测出氯代苯类化合物各毒理学终点的EC50值,例如4 h胚胎发育终止EC50值(mg/L):1,2,4-三氯苯为24.72,对二氯苯为76.47,间二氯苯为77.35,邻二氯苯为86.31,一氯苯为89.43等;大量数据显示其毒性大小依次为:1,2,4-三氯苯 > 对二氯苯 > 间二氯苯 > 邻二氯苯 > 一氯苯。 结论 氯代苯类化合物对斑马鱼胚胎毒性大小与化合物相对分子质量大小、取代基数量多少以及取代位置有关,相对分子质量越大、取代基数量越多其毒性越大。 Abstract:Objective To study the mechanisms of toxicity of chlorobenzenes on aquatic organisms so as to provide a scientific basis on selection of toxicological doses and toxicological endpoints for further experimental study. Methods The chlorobenzenes studied in our experiment included chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The zebrafish embryos were used to test their individual acute toxicities. In this experiment we used 24 wells cell culture plate as the embryonic exposure experiment container. The exposed embryos were observed under microscope every 4 h, chlorinated benzene compounds on zebrafish embryos, including lethal effects and sublethal effects were recorded, and the changes in the corresponding toxicological endpoints were described, until the end of 72 h. Results The EC50 values of all toxicological endpoints of chlorinated benzene compounds were measured experimentally, for example, 4 h embryonic development of the termination of EC50 values(mg/L) were:24.72 for 2,4-trichlorobenzenes, 76.47 for p-dichlorobenzene, 77.35 for m-dichlorobenzene, 86.31 for o-dichlorodebenzene, 89.43 for chlorobenzene and so on. The results showed that the embryotoxicities of chlorobenzenes decreased in the order as:1,2,4-trichlorobenzenes > p-dichlorobenzene > m-dichlorobenzene > o-dichlorodebenzene > chlorobenzene. Conclusion The toxicity of chlorobenzenes on zebrafish was correlated with their molecular weight, number and position of substituting groups. The greater of molecular weight and the number of substituents, the severer of their toxicity.
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