1985年至2006年新疆新发尘肺诊断病例的分析
Analysis of Newly Detected Pneumoconiosis Cases from 1985 to 2006 in Xinjiang, China
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摘要:
目的 分析新疆维吾尔族自治区疾病预防控制中心1985年至2006年间登记的新发尘肺病例的患病状况及特点,为尘肺病的防治提供决策参考。 方法 采用回顾性资料分析法对新疆维吾尔族自治区疾病预防控制中心登记的1985年至2006年经X线摄片确诊的3 687例尘肺病资料进行录入和统计分析。 结果 1985年至2006年尘肺累积病例数3 687例,其中,Ⅰ期尘肺2 644例、Ⅱ期841例、Ⅲ期202例。尘肺合并结核率20.50%(756/3687)。前5位尘肺种类依次为煤工尘肺、矽肺、水泥尘肺、铸工尘肺、电焊工尘肺,分别占46.46%、30.62%、7.59%、3.99%和2.63%。其中,煤工尘肺和矽肺总病例达2842例,占77.08%。发病工种集中在采煤采矿、掘进采掘、井下操作、风钻粉碎、水泥制造运输等工种;接尘工人从事的工种、工龄、年龄是影响尘肺发生的主要因素(除接尘浓度外)。 结论 新疆尘肺病例构成前5位依次为煤工尘肺、矽肺、水泥尘肺、铸工尘肺、电焊工尘肺;尘肺合并结核率较高,尘肺病控制有待加强。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis from 1985 to 2006 in Xinjiang to provide the reference for decision-making of the further preventive measure. Methods We carried out an epidemiological in vestigation on pneumoconiosis cases in Xinjiang. Results In Xinjiang, the amount of pneumoconiosis cases accumulated to 3 687 from 1985 to 2006. Among those, 2 644 cases were in stage I, 841 in stage II and 202 in stage III. The top 5 types of pneumoconiosis were coal miners' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cement pneumoconiosis, foundery workers' pneumoconiosis, and welders' pneumoconiosis, which accounted for 46.46%, 30.62%, 7.59%, 3.99%, and 2.63% respectively. The sum of coal miners' pneumoconiosis and silicosis cases was 2 842, accounting for 77.08%. Most of these cases occurred in workers chiefly working in coal mine, and then in foundery, cement manufacturing industry, and the others. Since 1985, coal miners' pneumoconiosis and silicosis consisted the main part of all pneumoconiosis cases, which accounted for 46.46% and 30.62% respectively. According to the logistic regression, age of the worker, working period and type of working were main factors which affecting pneumoconiosis. Conclusion The top 5 kinds of pneumoconiosis consist of coal miners' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cement pneumoconiosis, foundery workers' pneumoconiosis, and welders' pneumoconiosis. The complication rate of tuberculosis among pneumoconiosis patients was high. In Xinjiang, the control of pneumoconiosis and occupational health service still faces the challenge and needs to strengthen the management and supervision on all factories especially in poor areas for final elimination of the pneumoconiosis.
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