家庭作坊锡箔加工铅危害调查分析
Lead Hazard Investigation of Tin Foil Processing in Family Workshops
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摘要:
目的 探讨家庭作坊锡箔加工对周围人群的铅污染,通过职业卫生调查干预降低铅危害。 方法 随机抽取290位村民,凡从事锡箔加工作业的为职业接触者,未从事锡箔加工的为未接触者, 46名儿童父母亲中至少有一方是从事锡箔加工作业工人,同时做血铅检测。 结果 职业接触者与未接触者各级血铅水平组构成比较, χ2=5.60, P <0.05,差异有统计学意义。职业接触者与曾经接触已脱离者各级血铅水平组构成比较, χ2=7.36, P < 0.01,差异有统计学意义。职业接触者不同岗位血铅比较, χ2=34.18, P < 0.01,差异有统计学意义,以敲箔岗位污染最大。不同接触年限血铅比较, χ2=11.54, P<0.01,差异有统计学意义,工龄越长,高血铅人员构成比越高。儿童高铅血症发生率占97.83%(45/46)。 结论 家庭作坊锡箔加工对作业人群及家庭有较严重铅污染,现场劳动卫生学干预有助于改善作业环境降低铅污染。 Abstract:Objective To discuss the impact of lead pollution of tin foil processing in family workshops on surrounding population, and to reduce lead hazards based on the occupational health investigation. Methods Randomly sampled 290 villagers, including people who engaged in tin foil processing and who did not, and 46 children with one parent engaged in this job. Blood lead content was detected in all of them. Results The blood lead level of occupational exposed people was significantly different from the people did not exposed (χ2=5.60, P < 0.05). It was also significantly different from those people who had exposed but was out of touch with tin foil processing (χ2=7.36, P < 0.01). By comparing people in different work positions who had occupational exposure, their blood lead level was still significantly different (χ2=34.18, P < 0.01), with the work position of knocking the foil as most severe polluted. The longer exposure time the higher level of blood lead (χ2=11.54, P < 0.01), it seems that blood lead was related to lead accumulation in the body. In the investigated children, the rate of excess lead in blood reached 97.82%, far more than normal adults. Conclusion Tin foil in family workshops processing brought serious lead pollution to operators and their families. On-site occupational hygiene interventions may have positive effects on improving the work environment and reducing lead pollution.
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