北京某区部分医院和宾馆中央空调系统冷却塔水军团菌污染状况监测
Surveillance on Legionella Contamination of Cooling Tower Water in Central Air-conditioning System in Some Hospitals and Hotels in a District of Beijing
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摘要:
目的 了解北京市某区部分医院和宾馆冷却塔水的军团菌污染状况,为军团病的防控提供科学依据。 方法 选取北京某区3家医院和44家宾馆于2007年6月至2007年9月每月对上述场所的冷却塔水进行军团菌污染状况监测,同时对冷却塔的环境和冷却水处理方式进行调查。 结果 3家医院在监测期间均曾检出过军团菌, 44家宾馆中有26家检出过军团菌, 47家单位总的合格率为38.30%。采集的265件样本中,有76件检出军团菌,阳性率为28.68%。其中医院共采集样本17件,阳性样本9件,阳性率为52.94%;宾馆共采集样本248件,阳性样本67件,阳性率为27.02%。76件阳性样本中, 63件为LP1型菌株污染, 7件为LP2-14型菌株污染, LP1和LP2-14均检出的样本6件。冷却塔的工作环境有利于军团菌生长,冷却水的处理主要采取化学方式进行,使用的大部分化学制剂成分不明。 结论 北京某区部分医院和宾馆受军团菌污染较为严重,医院比宾馆的检测阳性率高。军团菌分型以LP1型为主。冷却塔水的处理方法需规范。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the condition of Legionella contamination in some hospitals and hotels and provide a basis in a drstrict of Beijing for preventing and controlling Legionaires disease. Methods Altogether 3 hospitals and 44 hotels were selected and water samples were taken from their cooling towers to examine for Legionella each month during July through September in 2007. The environment of the cooling towers and the maintenance procedures dealing with them were also investigated. Results Legionella were detected in all the 3 hospitals and 26 hotels. The total percentage of meeting the standard among all the 47 units was 38.30%. Among the 265 samples collected, Legionella were detected in 76 samples, with a positive rate of 28.68%. In which 17 samples were collected from hospitals and 9 found positive, with the positive rate of 52.94%, another 248 samples were collected from hotels and 67 found positive, with the positive rate of 27.02%. Among the 76 positive samples 63 detected Legionella type LP1 and 7 detected type LP2-14, another 6 samples detected both LP1 and LP2-14. The environment of cooling towers was suitable for the growth of Legionella. The main maintenance procedure of cooling water was chemical processing and the composition of most chemicals were unknown. Conclusion The contamination of cooling towers with Legionella is serious and the contamination in the hospitals is more severe than that in the hotels. The main type of Legionella is LP1. The maintenance procedures of the cooling towers need to be regulated.
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