瞿菁, 窦婷婷, 贾晓东, 尹艳. 上海市2009—2018年职业病发病状况分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(8): 866-871. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21152
引用本文: 瞿菁, 窦婷婷, 贾晓东, 尹艳. 上海市2009—2018年职业病发病状况分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(8): 866-871. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21152
QU Jing, DOU Tingting, JIA Xiaodong, YIN Yan. Analysis on incidence of occupational diseases in Shanghai from 2009 to 2018[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 866-871. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21152
Citation: QU Jing, DOU Tingting, JIA Xiaodong, YIN Yan. Analysis on incidence of occupational diseases in Shanghai from 2009 to 2018[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 866-871. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21152

上海市2009—2018年职业病发病状况分析

Analysis on incidence of occupational diseases in Shanghai from 2009 to 2018

  • 摘要: 背景

    随着上海产业结构不断优化升级,传统产业存在的职业病危害尚未消除,新兴产业又带来新的职业健康危害,这为上海市职业病防治工作带来新挑战。

    目的

    分析上海市2009—2018年职业病发病特点及变化趋势,为上海市职业病防治提供科学依据。

    方法

    搜集2009—2018年上海市职业卫生信息管理系统(职业病报告系统)收录的新发职业病病例信息,对职业病病例在病种、行业、经济类型、企业规模、地区等的分布特征进行分析。

    结果

    十年间上海市报告新发职业病共计2 231例,男女比例为5.78∶1,平均发病年龄(41.94±11.90)岁,接害工龄中位数为5年。发病数居前三的依次为职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病531例(23.80%)、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病474例(21.25%)和职业性化学中毒467例(20.93%)。2018年的发病数(139例)较2009年(365例)下降近三分之二。职业性眼病和职业性皮肤病发病数明显下降,职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病所占的比例逐渐升高。新发职业病主要分布于嘉定区、金山区、宝山区、浦东新区和松江区等城郊地区。

    结论

    上海市2009—2018年职业病发病呈以下特点:(1)发病呈下降趋势;(2)病种构成变化明显,职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病所占的比例逐渐上升;(3)职业病发病呈区域性和行业性聚集。上海市应加强对重点行业、重点人群和重点区域开展职业病防治工作,同时应关注生物因素对职业人群造成的潜在职业健康危害。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Along with the unceasing upgrading and optimization of industrial structure in Shanghai, the occupational hazards in traditional industries haven't been removed, but new health hazards in emerging industries has appeared, which brings new challenges to local occupational disease prevention and treatment.

    Objective

    This study analyzes the incidence characteristics and changing trends of occupational diseases in Shanghai from 2009 to 2018, aiming to provide a scientific basis for local prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.

    Methods

    Information on newly reported occupational disease cases from 2009 to 2018 was retrieved from the Shanghai Occupational Health Information Management System (Occupational Disease Reporting System). The distribution characteristics of the cases were analyzed by disease types, industries, economic types, business scales, and regions.

    Results

    A total of 2 231 incidences of occupational diseases were reported during the 10 years. The male to female ratio was 5.78:1, the average age of morbidity was (41.94±11.90) years, and the median years of exposure to hazardous substances were 5 years. Occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (531 cases, 23.80%), occupational ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases (474 cases, 21.25%), and occupational poisonings (467 cases, 20.93%) were the leading three occupational diseases with the highest proportion. The number of cases in 2018 (139 cases) deceased by two-thirds than in 2009 (365 cases). There was a marked decline in the incidence of occupational eye diseases and occupational skin diseases, and the percentage of occupational ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases gradually increased. The newly reported occupational diseases were mainly distributed in suburb areas such as Jiading, Jinshan, Baoshan, Pudong New Area, and Songjiang districts.

    Conclusion

    The incidence of occupational diseases in Shanghai from 2009 to 2018 shows following characteristics: (1) a downward trend; (2) obvious changes in disease proportions, where occupational otolaryngology and oral diseases are gradually increasing; (3) regional and industrial clusters. Therefore, greater efforts should be made in occupational disease prevention and treatment among key industries, key populations, and key regions in Shanghai, and attention should be paid to the potential risks of biological factors to occupational populations.

     

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