王静雅, 施宏燕, 黄蕊, 赵杰, 张雨欣, 蒋楠, 邵春海, 王继伟, 何翔, 徐晓明. 基于扩展计划行为理论的低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向影响因素研究[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(8): 839-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21051
引用本文: 王静雅, 施宏燕, 黄蕊, 赵杰, 张雨欣, 蒋楠, 邵春海, 王继伟, 何翔, 徐晓明. 基于扩展计划行为理论的低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向影响因素研究[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(8): 839-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21051
WANG Jingya, SHI Hongyan, HUANG Rui, ZHAO Jie, ZHANG Yuxin, JIANG Nan, SHAO Chunhai, WANG Jiwei, HE Xiang, XU Xiaoming. Factors associated with lower-grade elementary school students' intention of oral health behaviors based on extended theory of planned behavior[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 839-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21051
Citation: WANG Jingya, SHI Hongyan, HUANG Rui, ZHAO Jie, ZHANG Yuxin, JIANG Nan, SHAO Chunhai, WANG Jiwei, HE Xiang, XU Xiaoming. Factors associated with lower-grade elementary school students' intention of oral health behaviors based on extended theory of planned behavior[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 839-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21051

基于扩展计划行为理论的低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向影响因素研究

Factors associated with lower-grade elementary school students' intention of oral health behaviors based on extended theory of planned behavior

  • 摘要: 背景

    龋病严重影响低年级小学生健康,良好的口腔健康行为能降低龋病风险,基于计划行为理论实施干预已被表明是改善低年级小学生口腔健康行为的有效途径。

    目的

    构建扩展的计划行为理论(TPB)模型,基于该模型探究低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向的影响因素,为相关干预研究提供线索。

    方法

    采用整群抽样的方法,于2020年10月在上海市闵行区招募2所小学的全体二、三年级小学生作为研究对象,进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括人口社会学特征、TPB变量(包括直接和间接行为态度、直接和间接主观规范、直接和间接感知行为控制)、口腔健康知识、自我效能、预期社会结局。采用探索性因子分析确定本研究的TPB变量及测量条目。采用Pearson相关分析和分层多元线性回归分析对人口学特征、TPB变量、口腔健康知识、自我效能、预期社会结局等变量与低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向之间的关系进行统计分析。

    结果

    在本研究651名调查对象中,男生占51.0%,女生占49.0%;二年级学生占总人数的37.0%,三年级学生占总人数的63.0%。经过探索性因子分析,本研究所采用的TPB测量问卷共提取出6个因子,分别归纳命名为直接行为态度、直接主观规范、直接感知行为控制以及间接行为态度、间接主观规范及间接感知行为控制。Pearson相关分析结果表明,除预期社会结局外,直接行为态度、直接主观规范、直接感知行为控制、间接行为态度、间接主观规范、间接感知行为控制、口腔健康知识及自我效能等变量均与低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向相关,各变量相关系数在0.085~0.762之间。分层回归分析结果显示,性别(b=0.164 4)、年龄(b=0.0207)、直接主观规范(b=0.0701)、直接感知行为控制(b=0.6012)及自我效能(b=0.1080)是低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向的相关因素(均P < 0.05);上述变量可以解释口腔健康行为意向62.3%的变化。

    结论

    本研究所构建的扩展计划行为理论模型对低年级小学生的口腔健康行为意向有较好的解释作用,可考虑将直接主观规范、直接感知行为控制和自我效能作为低年级小学生口腔健康行为意向的重要干预靶点。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Caries seriously affects the health of lower-grade elementary school students. Good oral health behaviors can reduce the risk of caries, and intervention based on the theory of planned behavior has been shown to be an effective way to improve oral health behaviors of lower grade pupils.

    Objective

    This study explores factors affecting the intention of oral health behaviors among lower-grade pupils in elementary schools based on the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB).

    Methods

    All second- and third-grade students from two elementary schools in Minhang District, Shanghai were selected as study subjects by cluster sampling method in October 2020 for a questionnaire study. The questionnaires included demographic and sociological characteristics, TPB dimensions (including direct and indirect behavioral attitudes, direct and indirect subjective norms, and direct and indirect perceived behavioral control), oral health knowledge, self-efficacy, and expected social outcomes. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for the TPB dimensions and items, and Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships of intention of oral health behaviors with the variables of socio-demographic characteristics, TPB dimensions, oral health knowledge, self-efficacy, and expected social outcomes of the pupils.

    Results

    Among 651 participants, 51.0% were male and 49.0% were female; 37.0% were in second grade and 63.0% were in third grade. The exploratory factor analysis yielded six factors from the TPB scale used in this study: direct behavioral attitudes, direct subjective norms, direct perceived behavioral control, indirect behavioral attitudes, indirect subjective norms, and indirect perceived behavioral control. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that, except expected social outcomes, the variables of direct behavioral attitudes, direct subjective norms, direct perceived behavioral control, indirect behavioral attitudes, indirect subjective norms, indirect perceived behavioral control, oral health knowledge, and self-efficacy were associated with oral health behavior intention, and the correlation coefficients of these variables ranged from 0.085 to 0.762. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that sex (b=0.164 4), age (b=0.020 7), direct subjective norms (b=0.070 1), direct perceived behavioral control (b=0.601 2), and self-efficacy (b=0.108 0) were factors of oral health behavior intention among the lower-grade elementary school students (P < 0.05), which explained 62.3% of the variation in oral health behavior intention.

    Conclusion

    The extended TPB model is able to explain the oral health behavior intention of lower-grade students in elementary schools. Direct subjective norms, direct perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy can be considered as important intervention targets for oral health behavior intention among lower-grade elementary school students.

     

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