吕嘉韵, 吴燕, 冯文如. 广州市小学生过敏性鼻炎患病率及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(4): 397-401, 407. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20574
引用本文: 吕嘉韵, 吴燕, 冯文如. 广州市小学生过敏性鼻炎患病率及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(4): 397-401, 407. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20574
LYU Jiayun, WU Yan, FENG Wenru. Prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in primary schoolchildren in Guangzhou in 2019[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(4): 397-401, 407. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20574
Citation: LYU Jiayun, WU Yan, FENG Wenru. Prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in primary schoolchildren in Guangzhou in 2019[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(4): 397-401, 407. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20574

广州市小学生过敏性鼻炎患病率及其影响因素

Prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in primary schoolchildren in Guangzhou in 2019

  • 摘要: 背景

    近二十年,过敏性鼻炎的患病率不断增高,该现象在儿童中尤为突出。

    目的

    了解广州市学龄儿童过敏性鼻炎患病率及其居住环境及生活习惯等影响因素,为过敏性鼻炎的防控提供依据。

    方法

    收集2018年广州市空气污染物(PM10、PM2.5、NO2)数据,根据空气质量综合指数资料按照三分位法将广州市11个行政区分成空气污染高、中、低暴露区。2019年从每个暴露区抽取1个行政区(越秀区、番禺区和从化区),每个区随机抽取1所小学,对3~5年级全体学生的基本情况、生活居住环境、生活习惯、是否患过敏性鼻炎及家族过敏史等进行问卷调查。分析不同特征人群的过敏性鼻炎患病率,并进行多因素回归分析。

    结果

    2018年越秀区的PM10、PM2.5、NO2全年日均浓度为51、31、53 μg·m-3,番禺区为46、31、41 μg·m-3,从化区为38、20、25 μg·m-3。共发放问卷3 100份,回收有效问卷3 013份,有效回收率97.2%。2019年广州市学龄儿童过敏性鼻炎患病率为23.1%(697/3 013);男生患病率为26.8%(439/1 637),女生患病率为18.8%(258/1 376),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);父母学历不同,小学生患病率有所不同(P < 0.05);有家族过敏史的学生过敏性鼻炎患病率(51.7%)比无家族史者(21.3%)高(P < 0.05)。高暴露区的小学生患病率(27.5%)高于中暴露区(20.2%)及低暴露区(16.3%)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,大气污染程度高(OR=1.689,95% CI:1.294~2.204)、男生(OR=1.632,95% CI:1.363~1.954)、有家族过敏史(OR=3.576,95% CI:2.601~4.916)以及一年内新增大家具(OR=1.694,95% CI:1.270~2.259)为小学生过敏性鼻炎的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。

    结论

    高暴露区小学生过敏性鼻炎患病率高于低暴露区;大气污染、男生、家族过敏史以及一年内新添大家具是过敏性鼻炎的独立危险因素。

     

    Abstract: Background

    In the past two decades, allergic rhinitis has shown an increasing prevalence, especially among children.

    Objective

    This study aims to investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in school-age children in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China and its relationship with residential environment and living habits, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of allergic rhinitis.

    Methods

    Data on air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2) were collected in Guangzhou in 2018, and 11 administrative divisions of Guangzhou were divided into high, medium, and low air pollution areas based on the tertile values of the corresponding comprehensive air quality index data. In 2019, Yuexiu District, Panyu District, and Conghua District were selected from the each exposure category, and one elementary school was randomly selected from each district. The basic information, living environment, living habits, with or without allergic rhinitis, and family history of allergies among all students in grades 3 to 5 were surveyed. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the population with different characteristics was studied, and the risk factors were analyzed by multiple regression analysis.

    Results

    The annual average daily concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 in Yuexiu District, Panyu District, and Conghua District were 51, 31, 53 μg·m-3; 46, 31, 41 μg·m-3; and 38, 20, 25 μg·m-3, respectively. A total of 3 100 questionnaires were distributed and 3 013 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 97.2%. The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis was 23.1% (697/3 013) among selected school-aged children in Guangzhou in 2019. Males had a significantly higher prevalence than females26.8% (439/1 637) vs 18.8% (258/1 376), P < 0.05. The prevalence was different for parents with different educational backgrounds (P < 0.05). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in students with a family history of allergy (51.7%) was higher than that of students without a family history (21.3%)(P < 0.05). The prevalence of high-exposure area (27.5%) was higher than that of medium-exposure area (20.2%) and low-exposure area (16.3%). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that air pollution (OR=1.689, 95% CI: 1.294-2.204), male (OR=1.632, 95% CI: 1.363-1.954), with a family history of allergy (OR=3.576, 95% CI: 2.601-4.916), and use of new furniture in the past year (OR=1.694, 95%CI: 1.270-2.259) were independent risk factors for allergic rhinitis (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion

    The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is higher in high air pollution area than in low air pollution area. Air pollution, male, with a family history of allergy, and use of new furniture within the past year are independent risk factors for allergic rhinitis.

     

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