热带地区儿童变应性鼻炎流行特征：基于海南省海口市的调查
Epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis in children in tropical regions: Based on Haikou City, Hainan Province
-
摘要:
背景 变应性鼻炎(AR)的流行特征在不同国家和地区间不尽相同，目前有关我国热带地区的流行病学调查资料尚属空白。
目的 调查海南省海口市儿童AR的流行特征，探讨可能的患病影响因素。
方法 2019年4-10月期间采用整群抽样的调查方法，通过电子调查问卷对海口市16所幼儿园和小学的2 584名儿童进行AR流行病调查，分析其AR自报患病率、临床症状及致敏原分布特点、合并疾病等流行特征，并对患病影响因素进行logistic回归分析。
结果 回收电子调查表2 584份，有效问卷2 386份，有效率92.3%。被调查儿童平均年龄(7.3±2.4)岁，男1 249例，女1 137例，海口市儿童AR自报患病率为11.69%，男童、7~12岁儿童、城市儿童、有AR家族史儿童的患病率高于女童、3~6岁儿童、农村儿童、无AR家族史儿童，差异有统计学意义(
P < 0.05)。各月份间AR发病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ 2=17.804，P =0.086)。儿童AR症状以喷嚏、流涕为主，分别占87.5%、70.6%；致敏原以尘螨为主，占52.3%。AR合并过敏性结膜炎占26.5%，合并支气管哮喘占12.5%。logistic回归分析显示，有AR家族史(OR =2.237，95%CI ：1.068~4.683)、男童(OR =1.774，95%CI ：1.117~2.817)、7~12岁儿童(OR =1.829，95%CI ：1.044~3.205)、城市儿童(OR =1.721，95%CI ：1.101~2.691)是儿童自报AR患病的危险因素。结论 海口市有AR家族史的儿童、男童、7~12岁儿童、城市儿童AR患病水平相对较高。
Abstract:Background The epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) are different across countries or regions. Such information has been rarely reported in tropical areas in China.
Objective This study investigates the epidemiological features and influencing factors of AR in children in Haikou.
Methods A cluster sampling survey on AR using electronic questionnaires was conducted in 2 584 children from 16 preschools and primary schools in Haikou. The epidemiological features of self-reported AR prevalence, clinical symptoms, distribution of allergens, and comorbidities were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed on potential influencing factors of AR in children.
Results Among the 2 584 questionnaires returned, there were 2 386 valid questionnaires, and the valid response rate was 92.3%. There were 1 249 boys and 1 137 girls aged (7.3±2.4) years. The self-reported prevalence rate of AR was 11.69%. The prevalence rates of boys, 7-to-12-yearold children, urban children, and children with a family history of AR were higher than those of girls, 3-to-6-year-old children, rural children, and children without a family history of AR (
P < 0.05). There was no monthly difference in AR incidence (P >0.05). The main clinical symptoms of AR were sneezing (87.5%) and runny nose (70.6%), and the most common allergens was dust mites (52.3%). Among comorbidities, allergic conjunctivitis accounted for 26.5%, and asthma accounted for 12.5%. The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that family history of AR (OR =2.237, 95%CI :1.068-4.683), boys (OR =1.774, 95%CI :1.117-2.817), 7-to-12-year-old children (OR =1.829, 95%CI :1.044-3.205), and urban residence (OR =1.721, 95%CI :1.101-2.691) were independent risk factors for self-reported AR in children.Conclusion The prevalence of AR is higher in the children with a family history of AR, boys, 7-to-12-year-old children, urban residents in Haikou.
下载:
