吴芸芸, 王子豪, 李群英, 和晋渝, 张春华, 沈卓之. 2014—2018年重庆市主要城区大气PM2.5水平与居民非意外死亡的关系[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(8): 735-740. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20117
引用本文: 吴芸芸, 王子豪, 李群英, 和晋渝, 张春华, 沈卓之. 2014—2018年重庆市主要城区大气PM2.5水平与居民非意外死亡的关系[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(8): 735-740. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20117
WU Yun-yun, WANG Zi-hao, LI Qun-ying, HE Jin-yu, ZHANG Chun-hua, SHEN Zhuo-zhi. Relationship between PM2.5 and non-accidental deaths in main urban districts of Chongqing from 2014 to 2018[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(8): 735-740. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20117
Citation: WU Yun-yun, WANG Zi-hao, LI Qun-ying, HE Jin-yu, ZHANG Chun-hua, SHEN Zhuo-zhi. Relationship between PM2.5 and non-accidental deaths in main urban districts of Chongqing from 2014 to 2018[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(8): 735-740. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20117

2014—2018年重庆市主要城区大气PM2.5水平与居民非意外死亡的关系

Relationship between PM2.5 and non-accidental deaths in main urban districts of Chongqing from 2014 to 2018

  • 摘要: 背景

    大气颗粒物污染严重威胁人类健康,与居民死亡密切相关。

    目的

    探讨重庆市5个主要城区大气PM2.5质量浓度(下称浓度)与居民非意外死亡的关系。

    方法

    收集2014—2018年重庆市渝中、沙坪坝、南岸、九龙坡和江北五城区居民死因资料、大气污染和气象监测数据,计算五城区每日非意外死亡总数和大气污染物日均浓度。利用广义相加模型,控制长期趋势和季节效应、气象因素(平均温度、相对湿度)及“星期几效应”的影响,建立单污染物模型及多污染物模型,分析PM2.5单独暴露及其与SO2、NO2、CO联合暴露时对居民非意外死亡的短期效应,并按性别分层比较效应差异。

    结果

    2014—2018年重庆市五城区平均每日非意外死亡70人,其中男性、女性分别为41、29人;大气PM2.5日均浓度为51 μg·m-3,超标共计299 d,占15.35%。单污染物模型显示,PM2.5在当天及滞后1~3 d时对居民非意外死亡存在影响,在滞后1 d时效应最大,PM2.5每升高10 μg·m-3时全人群非意外死亡率增加0.62%(95% CI:0.27%~0.97%),其中男性、女性非意外死亡率分别增加0.49%(95% CI:0.09%~0.89%)、0.85%(95% CI:0.39%~1.31%),女性的效应值高于男性,效应差为0.35%(95% CI:0.13%~0.57%)。双污染物模型显示:分别校正SO2、NO2时,PM2.5对居民非意外死亡的效应变弱,甚至消失;校正CO时,效应增强,非意外死亡率增加至0.69%(95% CI:0.26%~1.13%)。在全污染物模型中,仅女性的非意外死亡与PM2.5存在关联,当PM2.5每升高10μg·m-3时女性每日非意外死亡率上升0.77%(95% CI:0.10%~1.44%)。在所有多污染物模型中,女性效应值均高于男性,效应差值范围为0.35%~0.54%。

    结论

    重庆市主要城区大气PM2.5浓度升高可导致居民非意外死亡风险增加,女性更易感。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Atmospheric particulate matter pollution is a serious threat to human health, and is closely related to the death of residents.

    Objective

    This study aims to evaluate the relationship of PM2.5 with non-accidental deaths of residents in five representative urban districts of Chongqing.

    Methods

    The daily death, air pollution, and meteorological data of five representative urban districts of Chongqing, including Yuzhong, Shapingba, Nan'an, Jiulongpo, and Jiangbei, from 2014 to 2018 were collected. The total number of daily non-accidental deaths and average concentrations of air pollutants in the five districts were calculated. All data were analyzed using generalized additive models while adjusting selected confounding factors including long-term trend, seasonal effect, meteorological conditions (including mean temperature and relative humidity), and day-of-the-week effect. The acute effects of singular PM2.5 exposure and its combination with SO2, NO2, and CO on the non-accidental death of residents were also evaluated. All the analyses were stratified by gender to compare the differences.

    Results

    Among the five representative urban districts of Chongqing from 2014 to 2018, there were an average of 70 non-accidental deaths per day, including 41 men and 29 women. The daily concentration of PM2.5 was 51μg·m-3, and there were a total of 299 days with an unqualified daily concentration of PM2.5, accounting for 15.35%. The single-pollutant model revealed that the effect of PM2.5 on non-accidental death was significant between lag0-3 day, and was greatest at lag1 day:a 10 μg·m-3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increase in non-accidental mortality by 0.62% (95% CI:0.27%-0.97%), the association was higher in females (ER=0.85%, 95% CI:0.39%-1.31%) than in males (ER=0.49%, 95% CI:0.09%-0.89%), and the difference of ER between males and females was 0.35% (95% CI:0.13%-0.57%). The results of two-pollutant model indicated that the effect of PM2.5 on non-accidental death was reduced to null when SO2 or NO2 was included, and increased to 0.69% (95% CI:0.26%-1.13%) when CO was included. In the all-pollutant model, only the effect of PM2.5 on non-accidental death for females was significant, and a 10 μg·m-3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increase in nonaccidental mortality for females by 0.77% (95% CI:0.10%-1.44%). In all multiple-pollutant models, the effects were higher in females than in males, and the interval of the differences was 0.35%-0.54%.

    Conclusion

    The increase in PM2.5 concentration in the five urban districts of Chongqing would lead to an increase in non-accidental death, and its acute effects are more severe in female populations.

     

/

返回文章
返回