熊秀琴, 徐荣彬, 潘小川. 北京市PM2.5和PM10对中老年人肺功能短期效应的定组研究[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(4): 355-361. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18723
引用本文: 熊秀琴, 徐荣彬, 潘小川. 北京市PM2.5和PM10对中老年人肺功能短期效应的定组研究[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(4): 355-361. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18723
XIONG Xiu-qin, XU Rong-bin, PAN Xiao-chuan. Short-term effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on lung function of middle-aged and elderly group: A panel study[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(4): 355-361. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18723
Citation: XIONG Xiu-qin, XU Rong-bin, PAN Xiao-chuan. Short-term effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on lung function of middle-aged and elderly group: A panel study[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(4): 355-361. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18723

北京市PM2.5和PM10对中老年人肺功能短期效应的定组研究

Short-term effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on lung function of middle-aged and elderly group: A panel study

  • 摘要: 目的 我国是世界上空气颗粒物污染最严重的地区之一,而肺是大气颗粒物污染损害的主要靶器官。本研究拟探讨PM2.5和PM10对中老年人肺功能的短期效应。

    方法 在北京某社区招募36名50~70岁志愿者,每日三次测定其呼气峰流速(PEFR)作为反映肺功能的指标,每人均连续随访测量30 d;同时从附近空气质量监测站点收集研究期间所在社区每日大气PM2.5、PM10浓度,从北京市气象局获取气温;通过问卷收集受试者其他基本信息。应用线性混合效应模型,控制长期趋势、星期几效应、平均气温和个体的随机效应,估计0~3 d内的PM2.5、PM10暴露对中老年人PEFR的短期效应。

    结果 PM10对PEFR的短期效应在0~3 d的滞后天数内均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PEFR测量当天、前1日、前2日和前3日的PM2.5质量浓度(后称"浓度")每升高10 μg/m3,PEFR分别降低0.370、0.248、0.333、0.334 L/min,均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。测量当天和前3日共4 d的PM2.5滑动平均浓度效应最强,PM2.5浓度每升高10 μg/m3,PEFR减小0.592 L/min(P < 0.001)。亚组分析显示这一效应在男性,受教育程度高,正常体重状态,坐公交车、地铁、驾车等出行方式,以及有吸烟史的人群中更强,交互作用具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

    结论 在中老年人群中,0~3 d内的PM2.5短期暴露便可导致肺功能损害,其中男性,受教育程度高,正常体重状态,坐公交车、地铁、驾车等出行方式,以及有吸烟史的人群属易感人群。而PM10则无明显短期效应。

     

    Abstract: Objectve China is one of the countries with the worst air partculate polluton in the world, and lung is the target organ of such polluton. This paper is designed to study the short-term effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on lung functon among middle-aged and elderly residents.

    Methods A total of 36 volunteers aged 50 to 70 years were recruited from a community in Beijing. Their peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured three tmes a day for consecutve 30 days as an index of lung functon; daily average atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 concentratons were retrieved from nearby air quality monitoring statons, and temperature was retrieved from Beijing Meteorological Service; other basic information of the subjects was collected through questonnaires. The effects of exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 within 0-3 days on PEFR in the middleaged and elderly residents were estmated by linear mixed-effect models, adjustng for long-term trends, day-of-the-week effects, mean temperature, and individual random effects.

    Results The short-term effects of PM10 on PEFR were not statstcally signifcant within 0-3 lag days (P>0.05). Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentraton on the same day and 1, 2, or 3 days prior to PEFR measurement was associated with 0.370, 0.248, 0.333, and 0.334 L/min of PEFR reduction, respectively, all with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The moving average of PM2.5 concentration from the day of measurement to previous 3 days showed the strongest effect, with PEFR decreasing by 0.592 L/min (P < 0.001) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentraton. The subgroup analysis results showed stronger effects in males and people with higher educatonal level, of normal body mass index, traveling by bus, subway, or car, and with smoking history, and the interacton effects were all statstcally signifcant (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion Among the middle-aged and elderly people, short-term exposure to PM2.5 within 0-3 days can cause damage to respiratory health, and males and people with higher educational level, of normal body mass index, traveling by bus, subway, or car, and with smoking history are more vulnerable to the effect of PM2.5. PM10 has no obvious short-term effects.

     

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