张旭辉, 熊庆, 栗旸. 云南农田土壤中铅、镉、铬水平及分布规律[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(3): 238-241. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18529
引用本文: 张旭辉, 熊庆, 栗旸. 云南农田土壤中铅、镉、铬水平及分布规律[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(3): 238-241. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18529
ZHANG Xu-hui, XIONG Qing, LI Yang. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in farmland soil in Yunnan[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(3): 238-241. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18529
Citation: ZHANG Xu-hui, XIONG Qing, LI Yang. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in farmland soil in Yunnan[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(3): 238-241. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18529

云南农田土壤中铅、镉、铬水平及分布规律

Concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in farmland soil in Yunnan

  • 摘要: 目的 近年来我国土壤污染状况调查表明全国整体土壤环境质量不容乐观,部分地区土壤重金属污染较为严重,土壤中重金属可被多种蔬菜和植物吸收、富集,通过食物链直接威胁人们的健康。目前鲜见云南土壤中重金属含量的调查报道。本研究拟了解云南农田土壤中铅、镉和铬含量现状,评估云南农田土壤环境质量状况,为进一步开展相关调查研究和制订政策措施提供依据。

    方法 按照分层随机方法抽取16个州(市)45个县的897个行政村进行调查并采集土壤样品,每个行政村采集1份5~20 cm的深表层土壤,在1 m2范围内,按照5点取样法,使用竹子和木质器材采集土样,剔除石块和植物根系后搅拌混合,采用四分法,每个土样采集约1 000 g,共采集样品897份。检测土壤中铅、镉、铬含量和pH值,并采用单因子和内梅罗综合指数对农田土壤进行评价。

    结果 897份土样中,铅、镉和铬含量分别为22.180、0.207、67.000mg/kg。三种重金属的内梅罗综合污染指数0.639,单因子污染指数结果为:镉(0.540)>铬(0.357)>铅(0.078),均为Ⅰ级。三种重金属综合污染指数评价为Ⅲ级及以上的监测点占31.10%,镉、铬和铅单因子污染指数评价为Ⅲ级及以上的监测点分别占:34.34%、9.92%和2.01%。

    结论 云南农村土壤总体处于清洁安全状态,在局部地区存在超标情况,其中镉对云南农田土壤质量影响最大。下一步应明确超标原因和来源,及时采取措施防止镉进一步污染农田土壤。

     

    Abstract: Objective Recent surveys of soil contamination in China show that the overall soil environmental quality is not optimistic, in that heavy metal pollution is serious in some areas and heavy metals in soil can be absorbed and enriched by various vegetables and plants, directly threatening people's health through the food chain. However, there are few reports on the investigation of heavy metals in soil in Yunnan Province. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concentrations of soil lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in Yunnan Province, assess the farmland soil environmental quality, and provide evidence for further research and policymaking.

    Methods A total of 897 farmland soil samples were collected from 897 villages of 45 counties of 16 cities in Yunnan Province selected by stratified random sampling method. According to the fivepoint sampling method, for each soil sample, five subsamples were collected within 1 m2 quadrat below surface at a depth of 5-20 cm with bamboo and wood sampling tools, and then quartered and mixed to get a representative sample weighing approximately 1 000 g after removing rocks and plant roots. A total of 897 soil samples were collected. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, & Cr and pH values were detected, and the farmland soil environmental quality was assessed by both singlefactor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index.

    Results In the 897 soil samples, the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were 22.180, 0.207, and 67.000 mg/kg, respectively. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index was 0.639, and the single-factor pollution index of Cd, Cr, and Pb in the soil samples were 0.540, 0.357, and 0.078 respectively, which were all determined as pollution grade I. The soil samples with a comprehensive pollution index of grade I and above accounted for 31.10%, and the samples with a single-factor pollution index of Cd, Cr, and Pb graded Ⅲ and above accounted for 34.34%, 9.92%, and 2.01%, respectively.

    Conclusion The farmland soil in Yunnan is generally clean and safe, notwithstanding substandard soil in some areas, and Cd is the dominant pollutant. Future work should include confirming the causes and sources of pollution, as well as adopting prompt actions to control further Cd pollution in farmland soil.

     

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