镍职业暴露对作业工人外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响
Effects of occupational exposure to nickel on the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of workers
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摘要:
目的 探讨镍职业暴露对作业工人外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响。
方法 选择70名镍作业工人为暴露组, 126名非镍作业工人为对照组, 使用硫酸镍斑贴实验将暴露组分为斑贴阴性组和斑贴阳性组。乙炔-空气火焰原子吸收光谱法检测暴露工厂车间空气中镍浓度, 电感耦合等离子体质谱法及外标法获得皮肤暴露镍浓度, 分光光度法检测研究对象尿镍浓度。EDTA抗凝静脉血做常规分析, 流式细胞技术检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群百分比, 并结合二者获得外周血淋巴细胞亚群绝对值。t检验比较暴露组与对照组、斑贴阴性组与斑贴阳性组淋巴细胞亚群等指标的差异, Pearson相关分析尿镍水平、暴露工龄与淋巴细胞亚群等指标的相关性, 一般线性模型分析吸烟与暴露的交互作用。
结果 暴露组作业工人斑贴阳性者共14人(阳性率20%), 尿镍水平M(P25, P75)高于对照组13.60(7.35, 28.76)vs 6.02(3.93, 10.97)μg/L, P=0.000, 外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞及CD4+/CD8+高于对照组分别为(7.03±1.67)×109/Lvs(6.23±1.35)×109/L, (4.54±1.45)×109/L vs(3.71±1.07)×109/L, (1.68±0.72)vs(1.27±0.43), 均P < 0.05, CD8+T细胞、NK细胞和血小板低于对照组分别为(0.52±0.26)×109/L vs(0.60±0.22)×109/L, (0.34±0.18)×109/L vs(0.45±0.25)×109/L, (200.66±69.01)×109/L vs(229.85±51.48)×109/L, 均P < 0.05。总人群CD4+/CD8+与尿镍水平呈正相关(r=0.152, P=0.037);未发现暴露工龄长短与外周血淋巴细胞亚群等指标存在相关关系(P>0.05)。
结论 镍职业暴露可致作业工人外周血CD4+/CD8+增高, CD8+T细胞、NK细胞降低。
Abstract:Objective To assess the effects of occupational nickel exposure on lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of workers.
Methods A total of 70 nickel exposed workers (exposed group) and 126 unexposed workers (control group) were recruited. Patch test with nickel sulfate was performed to distinguish a patch-negative subgroup and a patch-positive subgroup from the exposed group. The level of nickel in workplace air was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, skin nickel by in ductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, urinary nickel by dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometry, venous blood samples with EDTA anticoagulant by routine blood test, and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, and combined with the latter two to obtain the absolute value of lymphocyte subsets. The t-test was used to compare the differences of lymphocyte subset count between the exposed group and the control group and between the patch-negative group and the patch-positive group. The Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlations of lymphocyte subset count in peripheral blood with urinary nickel level and length of exposure, and the general linear model was used to analyze the interaction between smoking and exposure.
Results In the exposed group, there were 14 positive spots and the positive rate was 20%. The urinary nickel levelM(P25, P75) was higher in the exposed group than in the control group13.60 (7.35, 28.76) vs 6.02 (3.93, 10.97) μg/L, P=0.000. The leukocyte, neutrophil, and value of CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood were higher than the control group(7.03±1.67)×109/L vs (6.23±1.35)×109/L, (4.54±1.45)×109/L vs (3.71±1.07)×109/L, (1.68±0.72) vs (1.27±0.43), respectively, Ps < 0.05, while the CD8+T cells, NK cells, and platelets were lower than those of the control group(0.52±0.26)×109/L vs (0.60±0.22)×109/L, (0.34±0.18)×109/L vs (0.45±0.25)×109/L, (200.66±69.01)×109/L vs (229.85±51.48)×109/L, respectively, Ps < 0.05. There was a positive correlation between the CD4+/CD8+ and urinary nickel levels in the total workers (r=0.152, P=0.037), but no correlation between le ngth of exposure and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood (P > 0.05).
Conclusion Occupational nickel exposure could cause higher CD4+/CD8+ and lower CD8+T and NK cell in peripheral blood of workers.
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