海南省某企业职工烟草暴露特征
Tobacco exposure characteristics of workers in an enterprise in Hainan Province
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摘要:
目的 分析海南省某企业职工烟草暴露特征，为探索企业员工戒烟干预方法和措施提供依据。
方法 采用整群分层随机抽样方法，于2017年2-3月对海南省某光伏制造企业一线员工进行问卷调查，调查内容包括五部分：个人信息，吸烟情况，戒烟情况，二手烟暴露情况和烟草暴露相关知识知晓、态度、行为情况。组间比较使用χ2检验、趋势χ2分析，烟草使用影响因素分析采用二分类logistic回归方法。
结果 共调查企业员工660人，回收有效问卷633份，问卷有效率95.9%。该企业职工现在吸烟率为33.8%，其中男性和女性的现在吸烟率分别为43.5%和2.7%，现在吸烟率随着年龄增长而下降（χ趋势2=21.073，P < 0.05）。成功戒烟率为13.4%，随年龄的增长而上升（χ趋势2=21.073，P < 0.05）。现在吸烟者中，过去6个月尝试戒烟率和未来6个月打算戒烟率分别为24.3%、39.7%。二手烟暴露率在公共场所最高（70.4%），其次是家中和工作场所（34.8%、31.3%）；男性在工作场所和公共场所二手烟暴露率较女性高（χ2=7.824，P < 0.05；χ2=8.752，P < 0.05）；其中工作场所二手烟暴露率随年龄增长而下降（χ趋势2=8.965，P < 0.05）。职工对主动吸烟引起中风、心脏病发作、阳痿的知晓率分别为44.5%、46.8%、32.5%，对二手烟引起成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺部疾病的知晓率分别为49.6%、71.4%、77.6%。logistic回归分析结果显示，男性、父亲吸烟是该企业职工吸烟的危险因素，OR（95% CI）分别为24.844（8.979~68.741）、1.578（1.090~2.284）。
结论 该企业员工吸烟率与二手烟暴露率严重，男性及父亲吸烟者应为控烟重点人群。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the tobacco exposure characteristics of employees in an enterprise in Hainan Province, and to provide reference for making smoking cessation intervention measures.
Methods Using cluster stratified random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among production line workers in a photovoltaic manufacturing enterprise in Hainan Province from February to March in 2017. The survey was composed of five parts:personal information, smoking, smoking cessation, secondhand smoke exposure, and knowledge, attitude, and behavior on smoking related issues. χ2 test and trend χ2 analysis were used for comparison among groups, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of tobacco use.
Results A total of 660 workers were investigated and 633 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 95.9%. The prevalence rates of smoking in total, male, and female workers were 33.8%, 43.5%, and 2.7%, respectively, and the prevalence rate of smoking decreased with age (trend χ2=21.073, P < 0.05). The successful rate of quitting smoking was 13.4% and increased with age (trend χ2=21.073, P < 0.05). In the smoking workers, the rate of attempting to quit smoking over the past six months and planning to quit smoking in the next six months were 24.3% and 39.7%, respectively. As to secondhand smoke, 70.4% of the workers were reported to be exposed in public places, 34.8% at home, and 31.3% in workplaces. In workplaces and public places, the exposure rate of secondhand smoke was higher among male workers than among female workers (χ2=7.824, P < 0.05; χ2=8.752, P < 0.05), and the exposure rate of secondhand smoke in workplaces decreased with age (trend χ2=8.965, P < 0.05). The awareness rates of stroke, heart attack, and impotence caused by active smoking were 44.5%, 46.8%, and 32.5%, respectively. The awareness rates of adult heart diseases, child lung diseases, and adult lung diseases caused by secondhand smoke exposure were 49.6%, 71.4%, and 77.6%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis results showed that male and paternal smoking were the risk factors of smoking among the workers, and the ORs (95%CIs) were 24.844 (8.979-68.741) and 1.578 (1.090-2.284), respectively.
Conclusion High prevalences of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are found in the workers in the selected photovoltaic enterprise. Male workers and those whose fathers smoke are target populations for tobacco control.
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