贾宁, 凌瑞杰, 王伟, 王忠旭. 汽车装配工人工效学负荷与工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤的相关性研究[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(10): 858-863. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.17345
引用本文: 贾宁, 凌瑞杰, 王伟, 王忠旭. 汽车装配工人工效学负荷与工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤的相关性研究[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(10): 858-863. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.17345
JIA Ning, LING Rui-jie, WANG Wei, WANG Zhong-xu. Correlation between ergonomic load and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among automobile assembly workers[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(10): 858-863. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.17345
Citation: JIA Ning, LING Rui-jie, WANG Wei, WANG Zhong-xu. Correlation between ergonomic load and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among automobile assembly workers[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(10): 858-863. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.17345

汽车装配工人工效学负荷与工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤的相关性研究

Correlation between ergonomic load and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among automobile assembly workers

  • 摘要: 目的 评估汽车装配作业工人工效学负荷水平,探讨其与工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)发生之间的相关性。

    方法 采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用肌肉骨骼损伤情况调查问卷和快速上肢评价法(rapid upper limb assessment,RULA)对我国南方某汽车制造企业男性汽车装配作业工人WMSDs与工效学负荷开展调查,分析二者之间的相关性。

    结果 共发放问卷192份,回收有效问卷184份(有效率95.8%),调查对象年龄为(26.8±4.9)岁,工龄为(3.7±3.7)年。调查对象WMSDs的发生率按部位依次为:颈部64.1%,躯干62.0%,上臂51.6%,手腕48.9%,前臂30.4%,腿部25.5%。RULA评分显示,96.7%的工人工效学负荷等级在三级以上,不同工段RULA评分的差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。RULA分值与颈部和躯干WMSDs的发生率存在相关性(r=0.963,0.974;P < 0.05)。

    结论 工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼损伤存在相关性,需要尽快降低作业场所不良工效学负荷水平,减少WMSDs的发生。

     

    Abstract: Objective To evaluate the ergonomic load among automobile assembly workers and its correlation with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs).

    Methods By a cross-sectional epidemiological survey, Musculoskeletal Injury Questionnaire and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were utilized to assess the correlation between ergonomic load and WMSDs among male assembly workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in southern China.

    Results A total of 192 questionnaires were distributed, and 184 valid questionnaires were returned with a valid response rate of 95.8%. The age of the respondents was (26.8±4.9) years, and the working age was (3.7±3.7) years. The incidence rates of WMSDs were as follows:neck (64.1%), trunk (62.0%), upper arm (51.6%), wrist (48.9%), forearm (30.4%), and leg (25.5%). The RULA score showed that 96.7% of the workers were exposed to ergonomic load at level 3 or above, and there was a significant difference in RULA score between different workshops (P < 0.05). The RULA scores were correlated with the incidence rates of WMSDs in neck or trunk (r=0.963, 0.974; P < 0.05).

    Conclusion There is a correlation between ergonomic load and WMSDs. It is necessary to reduce ergonomic load and control occurrence of WMSDs as soon as possible.

     

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