钱孝琳, 顾海雁, 汪澜, 付朝伟, 王现. 《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》实施对居民吸烟行为的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(6): 473-478. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16821
引用本文: 钱孝琳, 顾海雁, 汪澜, 付朝伟, 王现. 《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》实施对居民吸烟行为的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(6): 473-478. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16821
QIAN Xiao-lin, GU Hai-yan, WANG Lan, FU Chao-wei, WANG Xian. Influence of The Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Smoking Control in Public Places on residents' smoking behavior[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(6): 473-478. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16821
Citation: QIAN Xiao-lin, GU Hai-yan, WANG Lan, FU Chao-wei, WANG Xian. Influence of The Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Smoking Control in Public Places on residents' smoking behavior[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(6): 473-478. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16821

《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》实施对居民吸烟行为的影响

Influence of The Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Smoking Control in Public Places on residents' smoking behavior

  • 摘要: 目的 了解《上海市公共场所控制吸烟条例》(简称《条例》)实施五年后,上海市徐汇区15岁以上居民吸烟状况及其行为影响因素的变化情况。

    方法 分别于2010年和2015年开展徐汇区居民健康状况与卫生服务利用监测,均采用多阶段人口规模比例随机抽样方法,先后完成吸烟情况调查11 347和10 388人。本次研究对吸烟行为信息进行描述性分析,并采用logistic回归模型分析居民吸烟和戒烟行为的影响因素。《条例》的实施对降低中青年男性吸烟率有积极作用,但仍面临巨大挑战,应采取更有针对性的措施加强控烟工作。

    结果 2010—2015年徐汇区15岁以上居民的标化现在吸烟率从17.6%下降到14.7%(男性从35.2%到29.8%,女性从1.3%到1.0%),标化戒烟率从17.6%上升到22.8%。吸烟者开始吸烟年龄提前0.9岁。无论前后,45~59岁年龄段男性居民的吸烟率、现在吸烟率、现在每日吸烟率和重型吸烟率在所有男性调查者中均是最高的。30~59岁和75岁及以上男性居民吸烟率下降,戒烟率升高,且差别具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性(ORadj=51.479)、45~59岁者(ORadj=1.825)、离婚/丧偶者(ORadj=1.498)、料理家务者(ORadj=18.279)、无业或待业者(ORadj=16.625)、离退休者(ORadj=12.057)、在业者(ORadj=15.453)、饮酒者(每周1~2次者ORadj=3.190,每周≥ 3次者ORadj=5.221) 吸烟的危险性较高;而大专及以上文化程度(ORadj=0.510)、未婚者(ORadj=0.738) 吸烟的危险性较低。男性(ORadj=0.336)、每周饮酒≥ 3次者(ORadj=0.467) 较不易戒烟;而年长者(60~74岁者ORadj=6.583,75~岁者ORadj=28.521) 相对更愿意戒烟。

    结论 《条例》的实施对降低中青年男性吸烟率有积极作用,但仍面临巨大挑战,应采取更有针对性的措施加强控烟工作。

     

    Abstract: Objective To assess the changes of smoking status and related influencing factors among residents aged above 15 years in Xuhui District of Shanghai between the first and sixth years of the implementation of The Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Smoking Control in Public Places (hereinafter referred to "the regulations").

    Methods Two household investigations (Health Status and Health Service Utilization Survey 2010 & 2015 in Xuhui District) were carried out using multistage random sampling method with probability proportional to population size. The sample sizes were 11 347 and 10 388 in 2010 and 2015, respectively. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to describe smoking behavior and the influencing factors of smoking or quitting smoking, respectively.

    Results From 2010 to 2015, the standardized current smoking rate of residents aged above 15 years fell from 17.6% to 14.7% (from 35.2% to 29.8% for men, and from 1.3% to 1.0% for women), the standardized quitting smoking rate increased from 17.6% to 22.8%, and the smokers' age of first cigarette smoking was 0.9 years earlier. The smoking rate, current smoking rate, current daily smoking rate, and heavy smoking rate of residents aged 45 to 59 years were higher than those in other age groups. There was a significant reduction in smoking rate and a significant increase in quitting smoking rate of the respondents aged 30-59 years and 75 years and above (P < 0.01). Male (adjusted OR=51.479), the 45-59 years age group (adjusted OR=1.825), the widowed/ divorced (adjusted OR=1.498), housekeeper (adjusted OR=18.279), the unemployed (adjusted OR=16.625), the retired (adjusted OR=12.057), the employed (adjusted OR=15.453), and drinkers (for those who drink 1-2 times weekly adjusted OR=3.190, and for those who drink ≥ 3 times weekly adjusted OR=5.221) had high risks of smoking; those with college and above educational level (adjusted OR=0.510) and the single (adjusted OR=0.738) had low risks of smoking. Male (adjusted OR=0.336), and those who drink ≥ 3 times weekly (adjusted OR=0.467) tended to keep smoking, while the elderly (for the 60-74 years age group adjusted OR=6.583, and for the 75-years age group adjusted OR=28.521) tended to quit smoking.

    Conclusion The implementation of the regulations is beneficial to the reduction of smoking rate among young and middleaged men, but the tobacco control work is still facing huge challenges, and public health practitioners should adopt more targeted measures.

     

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