上海市金山区2006—2015年职业性化学灼伤发病特征及防控策略
Characteristics of occupational chemical burns and control strategies in Jinshan District of Shanghai, 2006-2015
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摘要:
目的 分析上海市金山区职业性化学灼伤病例特征，为制定防控策略提供科学依据。
方法 根据中国疾病预防控制中心职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统中报告的上海市金山区2006—2015年职业性化学灼伤病例，分析病例的人群特征、企业分布、发病趋势等特征。
结果 2006—2015年金山区报告职业性化学灼伤278例，占报告职业病总数的68.6%。其中化学性眼部灼伤253例(91.0%)、化学性皮肤灼伤25例(9.0%)；男性250例(89.9%)，女性28例(10.1%)。发病年龄中位数(M)为40岁，发病工龄M为3年，工龄以＜5年最多(61.9%)。病例企业分布主要以内资企业(77.3%)、小型企业(66.9%)及化学原料和化学制品制造业(33.5%)为主。
结论 金山区职业性化学灼伤以眼部灼伤为主，病例工龄均较短。防控的重点行业是小型企业、内资企业、化学原料和化学制品制造业；尤其应关注短工龄劳动者，重点加强劳动者眼部的防护措施。
Abstract:Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational chemical burns in Jinshan District of Shanghai, and provide scientific evidence for developing occupational disease control measures.
Methods Reported cases of occupational chemical burns from 2006 to 2015 in Jinshan District Shanghai were retrieved from the national occupational diseases and occupational health information monitoring system and subjected to statistical analysis on population characteristics, enterprise distribution, and incidence trend.
Results From 2006 to 2015, 278 cases of occupational chemical burns were recorded, accounting for 68.6% of total occupational diseases reported in this area. Specifically, 253 cases (91.0%) were chemical eye burns and 25 cases (9.0%) were chemical skin burns; 250 cases (89.9%) were male patients and 28 cases (10.1%) were female patients. The median age of the included cases was 40 years old, and the median exposure time was 3 years with 61.9% of the cases working less than 5 years. Most cases were reported in domestic enterprises (77.3%), small enterprises (66.9%), and chemical materials and chemical products manufactures (33.5%).
Conclusion Occupational chemical eye burns are predominant occupational chemical burns reported in Jinshan District of Shanghai, and most cases have a relatively short exposure time. The prevention and control of occupational diseases should focus on domestic enterprises, small enterprises, and chemical materials and chemical products manufactures. In addition, more attention should be paid to those with short working age and enforcing eyes protection.
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