2045名机车司机听力损失状况分析
Study on Hearing Loss of 2 045 Train Drivers
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摘要:
目的 了解机车司机噪声性听力损失现状,分析听力损失的影响因素。
方法 对某铁路局机务段2 045名机车司机(分布于开远、昆明和广通地区)进行问卷调查、耳科常规检查和纯音听阈测试,并对机车司机值乘过程中接触的噪声声压级进行现场检测,根据司机实际接触时间计算周40 h等效声级。运用卡方检验分析听力损失差异,多因素二分类非条件logistic回归分析听力损失的影响因素。
结果 本次研究对象2045人,均为男性,年龄(39.85±6.79)岁,工龄(18.00±11.00)年(
M ±QI )。双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB者267人,占13.1%。职业性噪声聋121人,检出率5.9%;以轻度、中度为主,分别占噪声聋人数的85.1%、9.9%。logistic回归分析结果发现,现岗位工龄(OR =1.025,95%CI :1.000~1.050)为发生噪声聋的危险因素;开远地区机车司机发生噪声聋的危险性高于昆明地区(OR =2.016,95%CI :1.194~3.406)和广通地区(OR =2.858,95%CI :1.476~5.533)。结论 该铁路局机务段机车司机听力损失状况较差,其影响因素是工作地区、现岗位工龄。
Abstract:Objective To investigate the status of hearing loss of train drivers and analyze related influencing factors.
Methods A total of 2 045 train drivers from a locomotive depot of a railway bureau (covering Kaiyuan, Kunming, and Guangtong areas) were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire, otology routine examination, and pure tone audiometry. Sound pressure level in the workplace was measured to calculate the 40 h equivalent sound level (Leq40) based on actual working time every week. Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in hearing loss. Multivariate binary non-conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze related factors influencing hearing loss.
Results All the study subjects were male (
n =2 045), with an average age of (39.85±6.79) years and an average working age of (18.00±11.00) years (M ±QI ). The count of subjects with binaural high-frequency hearing threshold≥40 dB was 267, accounting for 13.1% of the total. The positive rate of occupational noise-induced deafness was 5.9% (121 cases); most of the hearing injuries were minor (85.1%) or moderate (9.9%) level. The results of multivariate binary non-conditional logistic regression model indicated that working age (OR =1.025, 95%CI : 1.000-1.050) was a risk factor for noise-induced deafness; the risk for train drivers being noise-induced deafness in Kaiyuan was higher than that for drivers in Kunming (OR =2.016, 95%CI : 1.194-3.406) and Guangtong (OR =2.858, 95%CI : 1.476-5.533).Conclusion Serious hearing loss conditions of train drivers are identified in the study, which are influenced by working area and working age.