梁娇君, 付文娟, 毛革诗, 杨磊. 某卷烟厂烟草尘和噪声危害的分布特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2016, 33(2): 171-175. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15357
引用本文: 梁娇君, 付文娟, 毛革诗, 杨磊. 某卷烟厂烟草尘和噪声危害的分布特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2016, 33(2): 171-175. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15357
LIANG Jiaojun, FU Wen-juan, MAO Ge-shi, YANG Lei. Distribution Characteristics of Tobacco Dust and Noise Hazards in a Cigarette Factory[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2016, 33(2): 171-175. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15357
Citation: LIANG Jiaojun, FU Wen-juan, MAO Ge-shi, YANG Lei. Distribution Characteristics of Tobacco Dust and Noise Hazards in a Cigarette Factory[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2016, 33(2): 171-175. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15357

某卷烟厂烟草尘和噪声危害的分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Tobacco Dust and Noise Hazards in a Cigarette Factory

  • 摘要: 目的

    分析某卷烟厂烟草尘和噪声危害的分布特征,为卷烟生产企业确定职业病危害因素关键控制点提供依据。

    方法

    收集2010-2014年某卷烟厂烟草尘和噪声定期检测资料,结合该厂生产工艺及职业病防护措施调查情况,分析不同年份及不同工序的烟草尘浓度和噪声强度及其超标率变化规律。

    结果

    2012-2014年,该厂烟草尘的时间加权平均浓度具有明显差异,其中2012年烟草尘平均浓度为(1.97±2.43)mg/m3,超标率23.0%,明显高于其他年份(P<0.05)。烟梗制丝工序烟草尘平均浓度为(1.92±2.82)mg/m3,超标率26.3%,明显高于其他工序(P<0.05)。膨胀烟丝工序的烟草尘浓度为(1.33±0.81)mg/m3,与烟梗制丝工序之间没有明显差异,但明显高于其他工序(P<0.05)。5年中该厂8 h等效噪声A声级集中在80.00~83.45 dB(A)范围内,没有明显变化。卷接包工序的8 h等效声级为(87.8±2.3)dB(A),超标率达89.3%,均明显高于其他工序(P<0.05)。

    结论

    卷烟厂应尽量避免人工摘梗,降低工人的接触机会,注重保养吹扫时烟草尘扬尘的控制,加强局部通风及个人防护。卷接包工序噪声的控制是该卷烟厂职业危害防治的重点,应作为关键控制点。

     

    Abstract: Objective

    To analyze the distribution characteristics of tobacco dust and noise hazards in a cigarette factory, and to provide scientific evidence for tobacco production enterprises to determine the critical control points of occupational diseases.

    Methods

    Regular monitoring data of tobacco dust and noise were collected in a cigarette factory from 2010 through 2014. Meanwhile production process and prevention measures against occupational diseases were also investigated. The variations of tobacco dust concentrations and noise intensities, as well as their unqualified rates, were analyzed by year and production process.

    Results

    There are obvious differences in the time weighted average concentrations of tobacco dust of 2010-2014. Specifically, the average concentration and unqualified rate of tobacco dust were (1.97±2.43) mg/m3 and 23.0% in 2012, significantly higher than those in the other years (P<0.05). The average concentration of tobacco dust was (1.92±2.82) mg/m3 in tobacco primary process, and the unqualified rate was 26.3% which was higher than that of the other processes (P<0.05). The average concentration of tobacco dust was (1.33±0.81) mg/m3 in expanding process, which was not different from that in tobacco primary process but higher than those in the other processes (P<0.05). The eight-hour equivalent noise levels for the five years were in the range of 80.00-83.45 dB(A), without obvious changes. The eight-hour equivalent noise level was (87.8±2.3) dB(A) in cigarette making and packing process, the unqualified rate was 89.3%, and both were higher than those in the other processes (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    The cigarette factory should minimize manual tobacco stem picking to reduce workers' exposure and pay attention to tobacco dust control by improving local ventilation and personal protection during performing maintenance and cleaning. Noise control in cigarette making and packing process is the key to prevention and control of occupational hazards in cigarette production and should be a critical control point.

     

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