李晓东, 佘靖, 夏栋林, 陈超, 王雨飞, 顾海鹰. 南通市某船舶制造企业职业病危害调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2016, 33(1): 46-49. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15324
引用本文: 李晓东, 佘靖, 夏栋林, 陈超, 王雨飞, 顾海鹰. 南通市某船舶制造企业职业病危害调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2016, 33(1): 46-49. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15324
LI Xiao-dong, SHE Jing, XIA Dong-lin, CHEN Chao, WANG Yu-fei, GU Hai-ying. Investigation on Occupational Health Hazards in a Shipyard in Nantong City[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2016, 33(1): 46-49. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15324
Citation: LI Xiao-dong, SHE Jing, XIA Dong-lin, CHEN Chao, WANG Yu-fei, GU Hai-ying. Investigation on Occupational Health Hazards in a Shipyard in Nantong City[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2016, 33(1): 46-49. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15324

南通市某船舶制造企业职业病危害调查

Investigation on Occupational Health Hazards in a Shipyard in Nantong City

  • 摘要: 目的

    以某船舶制造企业为典型对象,评价船舶建造行业的职业病危害因素,提出针对性的防护措施。

    方法

    采用现场职业卫生调查的方法,对某船舶制造重工项目进行职位病危害因素检测,调查该项目作业场所职业病防护设施和个人防护情况,并结合职业健康检查的结果,对该企业的职业病危害现状进行评价。

    结果

    该企业船舶建造过程中大部分采用机械自动化,但特殊规格的工件需人工切割、焊接、补漆。大部分工人集中在手工操作区域,主要受到电焊烟尘、毒物(甲苯、二甲苯)及噪声的危害。人工切割及人工焊接的粉尘超标率为15.0%;人工喷漆主要是甲苯及二甲苯超标,化学毒物超标率为14.0%;噪声超标43.5%,主要在人工打磨和切割作业区,焊接作业噪声超标主要受周围打磨工作的影响。职工职业健康检查异常主要为电测听及血常规异常。

    结论

    船舶建造中职业危害主要集中在喷漆、打磨、切割等作业场所,现场作业人员的听力损伤较重。加强通风和机械自动化有利于船舶制造中职业病危害因素的控制,需采取综合防治措施。

     

    Abstract: Objective

    To assess the occupational hazards in a shipyard, and to provide protective measures.

    Methods

    Based on a field survey, occupational hazards in the workplace of the shipyard project were detected and protection facilities and personal protection conditions were investigated. Combined with workers' occupational health examination results, current situations of occupational hazards in the shipyard were evaluated.

    Results

    The shipyard adopted machinery automation for most processes, but parts with special specifications require manual operation, and a large proportion of workers were involved in manual operation. The key occupational hazard factors were welding dust, toxicants such as toluene and dimethylbenzene, and noise. The unqualified rates of dust (manual cutting and welding), toxic chemicals such as toluene and dimethylbenzene (manual spraying), and noise (polishing and cutting) were 15.0%, 14.0%, and 43.5%, respectively. The noise sources at welding workstation were surrounding polishing workstations. Hearing damage and routine blood abnormalities were the major health problems identified in the occupational health examination records.

    Conclusion

    The findings indicate that most occupational hazards in shipbuilding concentrate in spraying, polishing, and cutting workstations, and field workers have severe hearing damage. Strengthening ventilation and enhancing mechanization are particularly important in controlling the occupational hazards in shipyard, which require comprehensive prevention and control measures.

     

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