新疆干旱沙漠特殊环境石油工人职业紧张与社会支持调查
Occupational Stress and Social Support of Oil Workers in Arid Desert in Xinjiang
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摘要:
目的 探讨新疆干旱沙漠特殊环境石油工人的职业紧张及社会支持情况。 方法 采用自行设计的一般人口学问卷及职业紧张量表(OSI-R)、社会支持量表(SSRS)对1 100名新疆干旱沙漠特殊环境石油工人进行问卷调查。 结果 除了任务模糊(RA)得分与技术工人常模比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)外,野外石油工人工作环境、个体紧张反应得分均高于技术工人常模,而社会支持和理性处事(RC)得分均低于技术工人常模,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001);职业任务(ORQ)得分在不同年龄组之间不全相同,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);两两比较,年龄 > 40岁组ORQ问卷得分为(149.31& #177;21.85),低于30~40岁组(153.05& #177;19.28),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);个人应对资源(PRQ)问卷的得分在工龄 ≥ 10年组为(128.80& #177;16.18),高于工龄 < 10年组(126.74& #177;13.22),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);ORQ与个体紧张反应(PSQ)得分在不同文化程度组之间得分不全相同,两两比较,初中及以下学历者ORQ为(142.65& #177;21.22)及PSQ为(118.04& #177;15.46),得分均低于高中及同等学力者和本科及以上者得分(P < 0.05),ORQ与PSQ得分分别为(149.11& #177;21.68)、(153.52& #177;18.53)和(128.17& #177;20.43)、(129.26& #177;18.54);高度紧张组的社会支持总分(38.56& #177;8.39)和支持利用度得分(7.38& #177;1.78)低于低度紧张组(44.08& #177;8.48)、(9.07& #177;1.80)(P < 0.05);影响新疆野外石油工人紧张反应的主要因素有:任务过重(RO)、RA、工作环境(PE)、休闲(RE)、RC和支持利用度。 结论 新疆干旱沙漠环境下野外石油工人个体紧张反应水平较高,应对主要影响因素采取有针对性的干预措施以缓解其职业紧张。 Abstract:Objective To understand occupational stress and social support of oil workers working in arid desertin Xinjiang. Methods A total of 1 100 oil workers in arid desert were surveyed by self-designed general demo graphic questionnaire,Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI-R),and Social Support Scale (SSRS). Results Except the role ambiguity (RA) scores (P > 0.05),the scores of work environment and individual stress response in the oil workers were higher than those of the normof skilled workers,while the scores of social support and rational cognitive (RC) were lower (all Ps < 0.001).The occupational role questionnaire (ORQ) scores varied among different age groups (P < 0.05);the results of pair wise comparison (LSD) analysis found that the ORQ score of the > 40 years old age group (149.31& #177;21.85) was lower than that of the 30-40 years old age group (153.05& #177;19.28)(P < 0.05).The personal resource questionnaire (PRQ) scores of the ≥ 10 years working age group (128.80& #177;16.18) were higher than that of the < 10 years working age group (126.74& #177;13.22)(P < 0.05).The scores of ORQ and personal stress questionnaire (PSQ) among the three groups were varied across the education degree categories,and the results of LSD showed that the junior high school and above group scored lower on ORQ (142.65& #177;21.22) and PSQ (118.04& #177;15.46) than the senior high school group (ORQ:149.11& #177;21.68;PSQ:153.52& #177;18.53,respectively) and the bachelor and above group (ORQ:128.17& #177;20.43;PSQ:129.26& #177;18.54,respectively)(P < 0.05).The scores of social support (38.56& #177;8.39) and support utilization (7.38& #177;1.78) in the high tension group were lower than those in the low tension group (44.08& #177;8.48;9.07& #177;1.80)(P < 0.05).The main factors affecting the oil workers' stress were role over load (RO),RA,physical environment (PE),recreation (RE),RC and support utilization. Conclusion High occupational stress level is found in the oil workers working in arid desert environment in Xinjiang.It suggests to take targeted interventions toalleviate occupational stressgroup
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