职业人群健康素养量表编制及其信度、效度评价
Development of Health Literacy Scale for Occupational Population and Assessment on Reliability and Validity
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摘要:
目的 编制中文版的职业人群健康素养量表,并评价该量表的信度、效度和人群应用效果。 方法 本研究以上海某区城乡常住居民中的在职人员为研究对象。在文献研读和专家咨询的基础上,初定条目;通过走访不同工作性质的在职人员实施认知访谈,修正条目,形成量表初稿。采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在全区13个街(镇)逐级抽取居委、楼组和家庭,在调查对象知情同意的基础上,对抽样家庭中的所有在职人员实施调查,收集调查对象的个体特征、健康素养、行为特征等信息。运用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,运用SPSS 18.0软件对量表进行分析评估。 结果 职业人群健康素养量表由26个条目组成,分为7个维度,包括信息评价利用能力、劳动福利利用能力、卫生服务利用能力、工作危害识别能力、工作危害防护能力、职业健康的维权意识和健康意识。因子分析的KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin)统计值为0.873,提取的7个公因子可解释55.762%的方差变异。各条目在相应维度上的负荷介于0.438~0.928之间,条目与所属维度的相关性有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。量表总Cronbach's α为0.887,各维度Cronbach's α介于0.654~0.900之间;两次测量结果的内部相关系数ICC为0.938,各个条目的内部相关系数ICC介于0.779~0.956之间,提示量表具有很好的内部一致性和重测信度。将量表测量变量作为数值、分类变量的分析结果显示,量表具有较好的区分能力。 结论 所编制的职业人群健康素养量表具有较好的信度、效度和人群应用效果,可用于职业人群健康素养水平测量。 Abstract:Objective To develop a Chinese version of health literacy scale for occupational population, and to assess its reliability, validity, and application through a pilot study. Methods Currently employed residents were recruited from urban and rural de jure residents in one district of Shanghai. Initial items of the scale were generated on the basis of literature review and experts consultation. Cognitive interviews were conducted in employees from various job categories to revise the initial items and develop a scale draft. Communites, buildings, and families were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method. All the members in the selected families were interviewed on demographics, health literacy, behavior characteristics, and other information after informed consent obtained. EpiData 3.1 software was used to establish database, and reliability, validity, and application effect of the scale were evaluated using SPSS 18.0 software. Results The health literacy scale for employed residents consisted of 26 items under 7 dimensions (information evaluation and utilization, workfare utilization, health care information accessibility, job hazard identification ability, job hazard protection capability, right-protection awareness of occupational health, and health awareness). The seven common factors explained 55.762% variance variation and KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value was 0.873 in the factor analysis. The factor load coefficients were between 0.438 and 0.928. The Cronbach's α value of the scale was 0.887, and that of each dimension of the scale ranged from 0.654 to 0.900; the ICC value of the health literacy level measured in the two surveys was 0.938, and that of each item ranged from 0.779 to 0.956, indicating high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The result indicated that the scale showed competent to distinguish health literacy level of occupational population. Conclusion The health literacy scale for occupational population has acceptable reliability, validity, and application effect, thus could be applied to assess the health literacy in occupational population.
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