周敏, 李真, 李惠娟, 张敏婕, 张昭, 周超群, 盛南, 海英, 屈卫东. 上海市某小区管道直饮水卫生状况调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(7): 659-662. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14430
引用本文: 周敏, 李真, 李惠娟, 张敏婕, 张昭, 周超群, 盛南, 海英, 屈卫东. 上海市某小区管道直饮水卫生状况调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(7): 659-662. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14430
ZHOU Min , LI Zhen , LI Hui-juan , ZHANG Min-jie , ZHANG Zhao , ZHOU Chao-qun , SHENG Nan , HAI Ying , QU Wei-dong . Survey on Sanitary Status of Direct Drinking Water Pipeline System in Residential Communities of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(7): 659-662. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14430
Citation: ZHOU Min , LI Zhen , LI Hui-juan , ZHANG Min-jie , ZHANG Zhao , ZHOU Chao-qun , SHENG Nan , HAI Ying , QU Wei-dong . Survey on Sanitary Status of Direct Drinking Water Pipeline System in Residential Communities of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(7): 659-662. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14430

上海市某小区管道直饮水卫生状况调查

Survey on Sanitary Status of Direct Drinking Water Pipeline System in Residential Communities of Shanghai

  • 摘要: 目的 通过调查上海市普陀区管道直饮水供水小区现况,针对目前管道直饮水供水小区存在的安全隐患,提出管理对策,以进一步加强该区管道直饮水卫生监督管理,并为《上海市生活饮用水卫生监督管理办法》及相关地方标准的制定提供参考。

    方法 采用现况调查的方法,调查该区2013年所有管道直饮水供水小区的制水机房卫生状况,使用的涉水产品,消毒产品索证情况,卫生管理制度制订和落实情况,水质自检和自检结果公示情况,供水管网设计及回水消毒情况,水质检测仪表设置情况等,并对调查结果进行分析。

    结果 该区17个管道直饮水供水小区仅76.5%的水处理设备能提供有效的涉水产品卫生许可批件;制水机房设置与生产工艺卫生要求不匹配,其中94.1%的机房面积不足50 m2;水质自检能力良莠不齐,检测项目8~14项不等,自检频率最高的小区为每日自检一次,64.7%的小区仅每月自检一次;日常巡查养护能力有待加强,频率较高的达6次/d,频率较低的为每2天巡查1次,巡查内容多为水流量等设备运行情况;反渗透制水工艺的设备出水耗氧量与纳滤工艺比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);无论采用哪一种制水工艺,设备出水与用户管网远端水的耗氧量差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。

    结论 卫生行政部门在加强日常性监督管理及法规知识宣传培训力度的同时,应尽快建立管道直饮水相关的法律法规和技术体系,将管道直饮水纳入卫生许可监管,使管道直饮水的建设和管理更加规范。同时,有关科研部门应继续优化和完善直饮水的工艺方案和设计参数,发展水质在线监测,切实提高管道直饮水的水质安全和供水效益。

     

    Abstract: Objective To examine the sanitary conditions of direct drinking water pipeline system in residential communities of Putuo District, Shanghai, in order to propose management measures regarding current protential risks, strengthen the management of direct drinking water, and provide reference for developing the Shanghai Regulation of Civil Drinking Water Hygiene Supervision and Managment and related local standards.

    Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in all residential communities using direct drinking water pipeline system in 2013 to investigate and analyze the sanitary level of water houses, health license of drinking water related products and disinfection products, development and implementation of regulation on health management, selfchecking and disclosure of water quality, design of water supply pipe network, disinfection of backwater, installation of water quality monitoring system, etc.

    Results In the 17 communities using direct drinking water pipeline system, only 76.5% of the water treatment equipment provided valid health permits of drinking water related products. The water house settings did not comply with the production hygiene requirements, and specifically 94.1% water houses were less than 50 m2. Uneven capability of water quality selfchecking was reported, and the number of self-checking items ranged from 8 to 14. The highest self-checking frequency was once a day, but 64.7% communities did once a month. Insufficient routine inspection and maintenance was shown in frequency variation between six times every day and once every two days and focusing on equipment operations such as water flow. Significant different chemical oxygen demand was found between reverse osmosis and nanofiltration techniques (P < 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in oxygen consumption between the water from equipment and user network (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

    Conclusion In addition to strengthening routine management and promoting relevant regulations, the health administratives should develop regulations and technical support systems of direct drinking water pipeline system, integrate supervision by health licensing, and standardize its construction and management. Meanwhile, the scientific research departments should continue to optimize and improve the process planning and parameter of direct drinking water pipeline system, develop online water quality monitoring system, and effectively in crease drinking water safety and production efficiency.

     

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