王晓宇, 李敏, 丁瑾瑜, 吴春晓, 顾骞, 施燕, 邹淑蓉, 汪源, 罗春燕. 上海市全民控盐干预效果评价——居民控盐知识和行为变化情况分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(1): 32-37. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14386
引用本文: 王晓宇, 李敏, 丁瑾瑜, 吴春晓, 顾骞, 施燕, 邹淑蓉, 汪源, 罗春燕. 上海市全民控盐干预效果评价——居民控盐知识和行为变化情况分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(1): 32-37. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14386
WANG Xiao-yu , LI Min , DING Jin-yu , WU Chun-xiao , GU Qian , SHI Yan , ZOU Shu-rong , WANG Yuan , LUO Chun-yan . Evaluation on a Mass Campaign for Salt Control in Shanghai: Knowledge and Behavior Improvements on Restricted Salt Usage[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(1): 32-37. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14386
Citation: WANG Xiao-yu , LI Min , DING Jin-yu , WU Chun-xiao , GU Qian , SHI Yan , ZOU Shu-rong , WANG Yuan , LUO Chun-yan . Evaluation on a Mass Campaign for Salt Control in Shanghai: Knowledge and Behavior Improvements on Restricted Salt Usage[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(1): 32-37. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14386

上海市全民控盐干预效果评价——居民控盐知识和行为变化情况分析

Evaluation on a Mass Campaign for Salt Control in Shanghai: Knowledge and Behavior Improvements on Restricted Salt Usage

  • 摘要: 目的 评估由上海市政府倡导,用计量盐勺作为工具对上海居民进行全民控盐干预后,居民控盐知识的掌握程度和相关行为的变化情况。

    方法 定量调查分别在基线及发放计量盐勺后1、6及12个月(后称"1个月"、"6个月"、"12个月")时进行(2008-2009年)。每次调查均分为家庭调查表和个人调查表两类。经过质量控制,剔除无基线调查和仅有基线调查的问卷以及在1个月、6个月、12个月时失访的调查对象,最终纳入分析的基线数据包括2 941份家庭问卷和6 748份个人问卷。

    结果 在基线及1个月、6个月、12个月时,所有居民及固定掌勺者对核心知识的掌握率分别为39.52%、69.76%、74.14%、79.32%和38.23%、70.39%、74.32%、80.32%,均呈上升趋势;居民对家人过量用盐的劝阻率和固定掌勺者家庭尝试减少用盐量的比例均呈上升趋势。干预后掌握核心知识的固定掌勺者中尝试减少用盐量的比率明显高于未掌握者。各特征人群均将观看电视宣传片和阅读科普文章作为健康教育的首选途径。

    结论 项目实施后达到了控盐相关知识增加、控盐行为改善的目的。达到控盐效果应同时发动全社会参与,充分强化企业的公益责任,可以考虑采用大众媒体(如电视)等其他健康教育措施,也可以促进知识、态度和行为的改变。

     

    Abstract: Objective To assess the effectiveness of a government-led project on the distribution of salt measuring spoons as an intervention to improve knowledge and behavior on restricted salt usage among residents in Shanghai.

    Methods Data were collected before delivery of salt measuring spoons (baseline) and repeated at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months after intervention lau nching (2008-2009). The questionnaire consisted of two sets, one for individuals and the other for households. A total of 2 941 resident households and 6 748 residents were enrolled into the study after invalidated questionnaire were excluded.

    Results On the awareness of core knowledge, all residents' response rate was 39.52% at baseline, and rose to 69.76%, 74.14%, and 79.32% after 1, 6, and 12 months of intervention, respectively; the fixed cooks' response rate was 38.23% at baseline, and rose to 70.39%, 74.32%, and 80.32% after 1, 6, and 12 months of intervention, respectively, indicating a steady trend of increasing. The proportion of family members' discouraging excessive salt usage and that of fixed cooks with an intention to reduce salt usage were on the rise. In addition, the intention rate on restricted salt consumption in the fixed cooks showing awareness of core salt control knowledge remained steadily higher than those without the awareness. Most residents, regardless of their characterizations, chose TV and popular science readings as their favorite approaches to obtain salt control knowledge.

    Conclusion The initiative on population-based intervention in Shanghai has substantially improved the knowledge and behavior on salt control. Furthermore, a population-based intervention requires a multi-sector approach that would mobilize all sectors of society to perform their social responsibilities and enroll the mass media such as TV to improve residents' knowledge, attitude, and behavior.

     

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