2013年北京市某商场空气质量监测与分析
Monitoring and Analysis of Air Quality in a Shopping Mall in Beijing
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摘要:
目的 了解某大型商场的空气质量状况,分析其变化规律及影响因素。 方法 于2013年对北京市某商场空气质量进行监测,监测点为2个商品售卖区和1个餐饮区,监测指标包括温度、湿度、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、甲醛、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2),通过远程数据传输技术收集数据并分析。 结果 监测指标中,CO2合格率(100%)最高;其次是温度、PM10、CO和甲醛,合格率分别为98.82%、96.81%、84.73%、69.41%;湿度合格率最低(仅29.36%)。商场内不同季节湿度变化明显(P < 0.05);PM10浓度与室外PM10浓度、客流量存在正相关(r=0.681,r=0.162;P < 0.05);餐饮区CO和CO2浓度高于其他2个监测点,浓度较高的时段与营业高峰时段一致;甲醛浓度波动较大,甲醛最高浓度达0.214 mg/m3,与商场内湿度呈正相关(r=0.740,P < 0.05),不同监测点甲醛浓度差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 PM10、CO、甲醛是该商场空气质量的主要危害因素。室外PM10浓度和客流量是影响商场内PM10浓度的主要因素;餐饮活动是CO的主要污染来源,客流量增加引起餐饮活动增多间接影响CO浓度;甲醛污染在商场内持续存在,湿度升高加速甲醛释放,局部装修加剧污染程度。商场应采取集中空调分区域运行,及时调整新风量等措施提高空气质量。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the air quality in a large shopping mall, and identify change patterns and possible influencing factors. Methods The air quality of a shopping mall in Beijing was monitored in 2013. Two shopping areas and one dining area were selected as monitoring spots. The data of temperature, humidity, inhalable particular matter (PM10), formaldehyde, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) were collected once an hour by remote transmission technology for analysis. Results The qualified rate of CO2was the highest (100%), followed by temperature (98.82%), PM10 (96.81%), CO (84.73%), formaldehyde (69.41%), and humidity (29.36%). Humidity showed evidently seasonal variations (P < 0.05). There were positive correlations between indoor and outdoor PM10 concentrations (r=0.681, P < 0.05) and between indoor PM10 concentrations and passengers flow (r=0.162) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of CO and CO2in the dining area were higher than the other two monitoring spots, and the time sessions with higher concentration were matched with the peak time sessions of dinning. The concentrations of formaldehyde were significantly varied by monitoring spots (P < 0.05), and showed great fluctuations over time (peak value, 0.214 mg/m3) and a positive correlation with humidity (r=0.740, P < 0.05). Conclusion The main hazardous factors of the air quality in the shopping mall include PM10, CO, and formaldehyde. Indoor PM10 concentrations are mainly affected by outdoor PM10 concentrations and passengers flow. Catering activities are the main source of CO pollution, while higher passengers flow would also increase CO concentrations in an indirect way. Partial decoration and high humidity potentially contribute to the persistent pollution of formaldehyde. Therefore, the shopping mall should take such actions as running central air conditioning systems by areas or timely adjusting fresh air volume to improve the air quality.
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