Abstract: Legionellosis is a severe health-threatening acute infectious disease caused by infection with Legionella pneumophile. Legionella is distributed widely in aquatic environment of modern living facilities such as central air conditioning and hot water facilities. This article reviewed research on general biological characteristics of Legionella, Legionella contamination in public places, and its in fluencing factors. The paper also summarized and discussed effective disinfection means and prevention strategies against Legionella contamination in public places. The present situation of Legionella contamination in public places should trigger enough attention by adopting disinfection measures according to the characteristics of Legionella and aquatic environment to control its threat to human health.