柳州市建筑工地农民工职业卫生知识干预效果研究
Effect of Occupational Health Intervention among Construction Migrant Workers in Liuzhou City
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摘要:
目的 对柳州市建筑工地农民工职业卫生知识干预的效果进行评价。 方法 整群抽取工人数为150名以上的建筑工地2 处,对建筑工地的430 名农民工个人基本情况、工作状况、《职业病防治法》知晓度等信息进行问卷调查,并通过举办讲座等方式进行健康教育干预,干预后采用相同的问卷再次进行调查。比较干预前、后知晓率。 结果 调查对象对“职业病概念”知晓率较高,干预前、后分别为95.14%和95.68%,干预后调查对象对职业卫生知识知晓情况及行为发生了明显的好转:电焊时应佩戴防护用具的从79.56%上升至99.04%,预防铅、镉等重金属中毒正确选择佩戴口罩率从83.93%上升至95.92%,经常在工作环境中饮食的比例由12.91%下降至2.31%,坚持下班后立刻洗手、冲凉、更衣的比例由39.95%上升至80.29%。获取职业卫生知识的途径更广、职业行为正向改变明显。 结论 针对建筑工地农民工的职业卫生实施的健康教育干预措施具有良好的效果。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the effect of an occupational health knowledge intervention designed for migrant workers in Liuzhou construction sites. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select workers from two construction sites with over 150 workers. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 430 construction migrant workers to collect personal basic information, work conditions, awareness of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, etc. Health education was also followed, and after the intervention the same questionnaire was used to compare the difference in awareness before and after the intervention program. Results The awareness on the concept of occupational disease was 95.14% and 95.56% respectively before and after the intervention. However, after the intervention, the awareness on occupational health knowledge and related behaviors showed marked improvements: For wearing protective equipment while welding, the awareness rate increased from 79.56% to 99.04%; for choosing and wearing masks in an appropriate manner to prevent heavy metal (such as lead and cadmium) poisoning, the rate increased from 83.93% to 95.92%; for frequently having meals in workplaces, the rate declined from 12.91% to 2.31%; for adhering to washing hands, taking a shower, and changing clothes right off work, the rate increased from 39.95% to 80.29%. At the same time, the pathway of acquiring occupational health knowledge became wider, and the professional behaviors also experienced positive changes. Conclusion The intervention program of occupational health education for construction migrant workers has achieved good effects.
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