阿拉善盟大气可吸入颗粒物和细颗粒物源解析
Sources Apportionment of Atmospheric Inhalable Particulate Matter and Fine Particulate in Alashan League
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摘要:
目的 研究阿拉善盟大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)的来源,为防治大气污染和保护人群身体健康提供科学依据。 方法 利用2008 年4 月26 日-6 月11 日阿拉善盟大气PM10 和PM2.5 中化学成分检测数据,采用因子分析法和富集因子法对颗粒物来源进行分析。 结果 阿拉善盟大气PM10 来源于土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘、燃油尘(主因子1),工业粉尘、机动车尾气(主因子2),主因子1 和主因子2 对PM10 的方差贡献率分别为66.210%和21.219%;PM2.5 来源于土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘(主因子1),燃油尘、土壤风沙尘(主因子2),工业粉尘、机动车尾气(主因子3),对PM2.5 的方差贡献率分别为35.781%、32.064%和22.062%。沙尘天气和非沙尘天气时,PM2.5 中重金属元素铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的富集因子均高于PM10。与非沙尘天气比较,沙尘天气发生时PM10 和PM2.5 中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 等重金属元素的富集因子明显下降,而来自于自然源元素的富集因子变化不大。 结论 阿拉善盟大气PM10 和PM2.5 主要来自自然源,受人为污染影响较小。 Abstract:Objective To study sources apportionment of atmospheric inhalable particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Alashan League, and to provide scientific evidence for air pollution abatement and health protection. Methods Atmospheric particle samples of PM10 and PM2.5 were collected in Alashan League from April 26th to June 11th, 2008. Chemical elements in aerosol samples were detected, and the data were processed by factor analysis and enrichment factor analysis for the purpose of particulate source identification. Results In Alashan, the source apportionment results derived from the factor analysis model for PM10 were soil dust/construction dust/burning oil dust (principal factor 1), and industry dust/vehicle emissions (principal factor 2), and the variance contributions of principal factor 1 and 2 were 66.210% and 21.219%, respectively; for PM2.5 were soil dust/construction dust (principal factor 1), burning oil dust/soil dust (principal factor 2), industry dust/vehicle emissions (principal factor 3), and the variance contributions of principal factor 1, 2, and 3 were 35.781%, 32.064%, and 22.062%, respectively. The enrichment factors of heavy metal elements (such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) in PM2.5 were higher than those in PM10 in both sand-dust and non-sand-dust weathers. Compared to non-sand-dust weather, the enrichment factors of heavy metal elements (such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) in PM10 and PM2.5 were lower in sand-dust weather, but the enrichment factors of mineral metal elements showed limited changes. Conclusion Sources of PM10 and PM2.5 in Alashan League are mainly from nature. Human activities have little influence on it.
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