章敏华, 闻军, 顾明华, 虞慧婷, 赵冬青. 粉尘作业者呼吸防护用品现场使用评价[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(4): 282-287. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0065
引用本文: 章敏华, 闻军, 顾明华, 虞慧婷, 赵冬青. 粉尘作业者呼吸防护用品现场使用评价[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(4): 282-287. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0065
ZHANG Minhua , WEN Jun , GU Ming-hua , YU Hui-ting , ZHAO Dong-qing . On-Site Evaluation of Respiratory Protective Equipment for Workers Exposed to Dust[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(4): 282-287. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0065
Citation: ZHANG Minhua , WEN Jun , GU Ming-hua , YU Hui-ting , ZHAO Dong-qing . On-Site Evaluation of Respiratory Protective Equipment for Workers Exposed to Dust[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(4): 282-287. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0065

粉尘作业者呼吸防护用品现场使用评价

On-Site Evaluation of Respiratory Protective Equipment for Workers Exposed to Dust

  • 摘要: 目的 通过建立粉尘作业者呼吸防护用品现场使用情况的评价方法,分析呼吸防护用品使用中的不足,以及对尘肺发病的影响,为尘肺的预防与控制工作提供依据。

    方法 根据GB/T 18664-2002《呼吸防护用品的选择、使用与维护》和GB 2626-2006《呼吸防护用品自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》的有关内容确定各要素,建立个体呼吸防护用品使用综合评价方法,应用问卷调查与现场调查的方法,对上海某企业,3个车间243名接触粉尘作业者的呼吸防护用品使用情况进行调查和评价。

    结果 所调查企业未制定和实施呼吸保护计划,呼吸防护用品的选择类型和呼吸防护用品的月均发放数达标率分别仅为43.21%和21.49%,而呼吸防护用品佩戴率的达标率为84.36%;全企业呼吸防护基本合格率为19.34%,不合格率为80.66%。高千伏胸片显示尘肺或观察对象组的呼吸防护基本合格率明显低于对照组(P <0.05),OR=8.66,95% CI:1.059~70.735;呼吸防护不合格是"尘肺或观察对象"的危险因素。

    结论 正确规范地使用合格的呼吸防护用品是粉尘作业者有效的防护措施之一。

     

    Abstract: Objective To evaluate the shortcomings of respiratory protective equipment for dust-exposed workers and the effectiveness in preventing pneumoconiosis through an on-site evaluation protocol.

    Methods According to the elements derived from Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment (GB/T 18664-2002) and Respiratory protective equipment-non-powered air-purifying particle respirator (GB 2626-2006), an integrated evaluation method was developed. A questionnaire survey and a field investigation were carried out among 243 workers in three dusty workshops of an enterprise in Shanghai.

    Results The enterprise did not develop or implement respiratory protection plans. The qualified rates of respiratory protective equipment types and monthly issuance in the enterprise were only 43.21% and 21.49% respectively; while the qualified rate of wearing protective equipment reached 84.36%. The basically qualified rate of respiratory protective equipment was 19.34%, and other 80.66% were disqualified. The workers with pneumoconiosis diagnosed by high KV chest radiography or under observation showed a significantly lower rate of basically qualified respiratory protection than the control group (P<0.05) (OR=8.66, 95% CI: 1.059-70.735). Unqualified respiratory protection was a risk factor for “pneumoconiosis or under observation”.

    Conclusion Using the respiratory protective equipment correctly is an effective measure to protect workers in dusty working environment.

     

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