沈梦碧, 汪子夏, 郑佳琦, 张妍, 田英, 高宇, 雷晓宁. 孕期运动对新生儿体重和皮下脂肪厚度的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(10): 1083-1088. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22103
引用本文: 沈梦碧, 汪子夏, 郑佳琦, 张妍, 田英, 高宇, 雷晓宁. 孕期运动对新生儿体重和皮下脂肪厚度的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(10): 1083-1088. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22103
SHEN Mengbi, WANG Zixia, ZHENG Jiaqi, ZHANG Yan, TIAN Ying, GAO Yu, LEI Xiaoning. Effects of maternal exercise during pregnancy on neonatal weight and subcutaneous fat thickness[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(10): 1083-1088. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22103
Citation: SHEN Mengbi, WANG Zixia, ZHENG Jiaqi, ZHANG Yan, TIAN Ying, GAO Yu, LEI Xiaoning. Effects of maternal exercise during pregnancy on neonatal weight and subcutaneous fat thickness[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(10): 1083-1088. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22103

孕期运动对新生儿体重和皮下脂肪厚度的影响

Effects of maternal exercise during pregnancy on neonatal weight and subcutaneous fat thickness

  • 摘要: 背景

    孕期运动与母婴健康关系密切。国外研究提示孕期运动可能会影响新生儿的体重和皮下脂肪厚度,但国内相关研究较少,结论尚不一致。

    目的

    探讨孕期运动对新生儿体重和皮下脂肪厚度的影响。

    方法

    本研究基于上海优生儿童队列,以孕妇及其子代作为研究对象,共纳入959对。采用国际体力活动量表收集孕早期和孕中期每周步行频率和每天步行时长;并采用熵权法计算孕早期和孕中期的累计运动指数。使用校准天平测量新生儿出生体重;用Harpenden皮褶卡钳测量腹部、肩胛、肱三头肌三个部位的皮下脂肪厚度,并计算这三个部位的皮下脂肪厚度之和。运用多重线性回归模型分析孕期累计运动指数与新生儿体重和皮下脂肪厚度的关系,并按孕妇孕前体重指数(BMI)和新生儿性别进行亚组分层分析。

    结果

    孕妇的平均年龄为(28.5±3.8)岁,孕前BMI为(21.4±3.0)kg·m−2。男婴比女婴略多(54.3% vs 45.7%),新生儿的体重为(3374.0±427.5)g。腹部、肩胛、肱三头肌的皮下脂肪厚度分别为(4.4±1.3)、(5.4±1.4)、(6.0±1.5)mm,皮下脂肪厚度之和为(15.8±3.9)mm。在孕早期和孕中期,每周步行4 d及以上的孕妇分别占77.3%和88.7%;平均每天步行时长分别为(36.9±27.2)、(43.3±26.3)min;累计运动指数分别为25.6±17.7和35.9±21.1。多重线性回归分析结果显示:在孕中期,累计运动指数与新生儿腹部(b=−0.006,95%CI:−0.010~−0.003)、肩胛(b=−0.005,95%CI:−0.009~−0.002)、肱三头肌(b=−0.006,95%CI:−0.010~−0.002)和皮下脂肪厚度之和(b=−0.018,95%CI:−0.028~−0.007)均呈负相关(P<0.05);在孕早期和孕中期,累计运动指数与体重的关联无统计学意义。分层分析发现,孕中期的累计运动指数与皮下脂肪厚度的负向关联在男婴和母亲孕前BMI正常的新生儿中仍然具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

    结论

    孕妇孕中期累计运动指数与新生儿皮下脂肪厚度呈负相关,且可能存在新生儿性别和孕妇孕前不同BMI之间的差异。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Exercise during pregnancy is closely related to maternal and infant health. Previous studies in developed countries have linked maternal exercise during pregnancy with newborn body weight as well as subcutaneous fat thickness. However, the relevant studies in China are limited, and the conclusions remain inconsistent.

    Objective

    To investigate the effects of maternal exercise during pregnancy on neonatal weight and subcutaneous fat thickness.

    Methods

    Based on the Shanghai Birth Cohort, 959 maternal-infant pairs were included in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to collect average weekly frequency and daily minutes of walking in the first and second trimesters, and entropy weight method was used to calculate the cumulative exercise index in the two trimesters. Birth weight was measured using a calibrated weigh scale. Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured at abdomen, scapula, and triceps with a Harpenden skinfold caliper for all newborns and the sum of the thickness for the three sites was then calculated. A multiple linear regression model was employed to estimate the relationships of cumulative exercise index during pregnancy with neonatal body weight and subcutaneous fat thickness. Subgroup analyses stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and sex of newborns were also performed.

    Results

    The mean age of pregnant women was (28.5±3.8) years, and the pre-pregnancy BMI was (21.4±3.0) kg·m−2. Newborn boys were slightly more than newborn girls (54.3% vs 45.7%), and the neonatal weight was (3374.0±427.5) g. The means of newborns' abdominal, scapular, and triceps subcutaneous fat thickness were (4.4±1.3), (5.4±1.4), and (6.0±1.5) mm, respectively, and the sum of subcutaneous fat thickness was (15.8±3.9) mm. In the first and second trimesters, 77.3% and 88.7% of pregnant women walked 4 d per week and more, respectively; the daily minutes of walking was (36.9±27.2) min and (43.3±26.3) min, respectively; the cumulative exercise index was 25.6±17.7 and 35.9±21.1, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the cumulative exercise index in the second trimester was negatively associated with newborns' abdominal (b=−0.006, 95%CI: −0.010-−0.003), scapular (b=−0.005, 95%CI: −0.009-−0.002), triceps (b=−0.006, 95%CI: −0.010-−0.002), and their sum of (b=−0.018, 95%CI: −0.028-−0.007) subcutaneous fat thickness (P<0.05); in the first and second trimesters, however, the relationship between maternal cumulative exercise and newborns' body weight was not significant. The results of stratified analyses showed that the negative associations between maternal cumulative exercise index and newborns' subcutaneous fat thickness for the second trimester remained significant in the subgroups of boys and neonates whose mothers had normal pre-pregnancy BMI (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    Cumulative exercise index in the second trimester is negatively correlated with the neonatal thickness of subcutaneous fat, and the association may be altered by neonatal sexes and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI levels.

     

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