1991—2018年我国15个省份居民膳食镁摄入量的变化趋势
Secular trends of dietary magnesium intakes among Chinese residents in 15 provincial-level administrative regions from 1991 to 2018
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摘要:
背景 镁作为重要营养素，参与机体大部分代谢过程，且与糖尿病等营养相关疾病的发生密切相关。目前尚无针对我国全生命周期人群膳食镁摄入长期变化特征的基础数据结果。
目的 分析近30年我国全年龄段及不同特征人群膳食镁摄入状况及长期变化趋势，明晰镁缺乏重点干预人群，并为膳食镁参考摄入量修订提供一定的依据。
方法 选取“中国健康与营养调查”1991—2018年的10轮调查中有完整社会人口学和膳食调查数据的人群作为研究对象，分析每轮调查对象膳食镁摄入状况、人群摄入不足率及变化趋势。以性别、年龄、教育程度、城乡分布和地区为协变量，用多因素线性回归模型分析不同年份人群膳食镁摄入量变化特征。采用Wilcoxon趋势检验分析不同特征人群膳食镁摄入量随调查年份变化的趋势。采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析不同特征人群膳食镁摄入不足率的变化趋势。
结果 共纳入127 169例调查对象。1991年、1993年、1997年、2000年、2004年、2006年、2009年、2011年、2015年和2018年10轮调查对象膳食镁摄入量中位数分别为283.70、283.38、304.26、285.50、283.64、275.49、267.92、242.93、240.51、238.89 mg·d−1，呈下降趋势（
F =2931.81，P ＜0.001）。在不同性别、年龄、受教育程度、收入水平、城乡分布和地区分布方面，各年份不同分组人群膳食镁摄入量基本上均呈现差异，仅1991年不同收入人群膳食镁摄入量无明显差异。近30年膳食镁摄入量不足率上升显著（Z =62.62，P ＜0.001），至2018年近60%的调查对象存在膳食镁摄入不足，其中男性为53.94%，女性为65.35%，14~17岁人群膳食镁摄入不足率高达71.29%。结论 我国居民整体膳食镁摄入量呈下降趋势，普遍存在膳食镁摄入不足。需重点关注高风险人群膳食镁摄入状况，开展相关营养干预，并进一步评估膳食镁推荐摄入量适宜值。
Abstract:Background Magnesium is an important nutrient, and participates in most metabolic processes. Many studies show an association between dietary magnesium intakes and nutrition-related diseases such as diabetes. However, the data of dietary magnesium intakes and secular trends among the whole life cycle of Chinese residents are not available.
Objective To investigate the dietary magnesium intakes and associated secular trends over the past three decades in residents of all ages and China, to identify the high-risk residents of magnesium deficiency and plan nutritional interventions, and provide basic data support for the revision of dietary magnesium reference intake.
Method The data came from the 10 rounds of the "China Health and Nutrition Survey" from 1991 to 2018, and the participants with complete sociodemographic and dietary data wereselected. The median intakes, insufficient rates, and secular trends of dietary magnesium intakes were analyzed in different survey years. Analysis of multiple linear regression was used to analyze the annual change characteristics of dietary magnesium intakes controlling gender, age, education, urban-rural stratum, and north-south region. Wilcoxon trend test was used to analyze the secular trends of dietary magnesium intakes in different characteristic groups. The trends of insufficient rate were analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test among different characteristic groups.
Results A total of 127169 residents were included in the present study. The medians of dietary magnesium intakes in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2018 were 283.70, 283.38, 304.26, 285.50, 283.64, 275.49, 267.92, 242.93, 240.51, and 238.89 mg·d−1, respectively, showing a significant downward trend (
F =2931.81,P <0.001). Dietary magnesium intakes showed significant differences in gender, age, education level, income level, urban-rural stratum, and north-south region in almost all survey years, except that there was no significant difference among different income groups in 1991. Insufficient rate of dietary magnesium intake showed a significant upward trend (Z =62.62,P <0.001), approximate 60% of Chinese residents consumed insufficient magnesium. The insufficient rate was 53.94% for male and 65.35% for female, and the insufficient rate in the 14-17 age group was as high as 71.29%.Conclusion The dietary magnesium intake shows a significant downward trend and insufficient intake of dietary magnesium is prevalent among Chinese population. It is necessary to observe the high-risk population and conduct relevant nutritional interventions, as well as to further assess the recommended intake of magnesium.
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