职业紧张和职业倦怠对石油工人睡眠的影响
Effects of occupational stress and job burnout on sleep disorders in oil workers
-
摘要:
背景 职业人群的睡眠障碍会严重影响身心健康和工作效率。石油工人属于特殊职业人群，其工作环境因素诱发的职业紧张和职业倦怠，可能会导致睡眠障碍的发生。
目的 调查石油作业工人睡眠障碍发生现况，分析职业紧张、职业倦怠及其交互作用对睡眠障碍的作用。
方法 本研究于2019年5—11月通过多阶段整群抽样选择2300名石油作业人员作为研究对象，采用付出-回报失衡量表（ERI）、职业倦怠量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）对研究对象的职业紧张、职业倦怠及睡眠障碍进行评价。采用二分类logistic回归分析睡眠障碍的影响因素，并调整混杂因素，分析职业紧张和职业倦怠的交互作用对睡眠障碍的影响。
结果 本次研究发放了2300份问卷，排除缺项等无效问卷后，最终2060份合格问卷，回收有效率为89.57%。其中男性1069人（51.89%）、女性991人（48.11%），年龄（40.89±8.22）岁。石油工人睡眠障碍发生率为34.76%，不同性别、年龄、工龄、工种、轮班制度、学历、婚姻状况分组睡眠障碍发生率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05)；有986名（47.86%）工人发生职业紧张，其中男性（57.06%）、年龄≥45岁（52.63%）、中专及以下学历（51.87%）、工龄>15年（50.47%）、输油工（50.95%）、倒班（56.34%）和月收入>4000元（51.70%）的工人职业紧张发生率较高；有1749名（84.90%）工人发生职业倦怠，其中中度倦怠的发生率较高（50.68%）。除了石油工人的主观睡眠质量在不同职业紧张组间的得分差异无统计学意义（Z=−1.02，P=0.308）外，PSQI总分及其余各个维度得分在不同职业紧张、职业倦怠组间差异都有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。多因素回归分析发现：女性、年龄≥30岁、工龄≥15年、输油工、倒班、重度职业倦怠、职业紧张会导致睡眠障碍的发生风险增加（ P < 0.05）；有职业紧张×重度倦怠者睡眠障碍的发生风险是无职业紧张×零倦怠者的11.403倍（ OR=11.403，95%CI：5.107~25.462）。
结论 石油作业工人睡眠障碍发生率较高，职业紧张、职业倦怠及其交互作用会增加睡眠障碍发生的风险。
Abstract:Background Sleep disorders in occupational groups will seriously affect their physical and mental health and work efficiency. Oil workers are a special occupational group, and their working environment factors may lead to occupational stress and job burnout, and the occurrence of sleep disorders.
Objective To investigate the current situation of sleep disorders in oil workers and analyze the the effects of occupational stress, job burnout, and their interactions on sleep disorders.
Methods From May to November 2019, 2300 oil workers were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, and their occupational stress, job burnout, and sleep disorders were evaluated using the Effort-Return Imbalance (ERI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory－General Survey, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The influencing factors of sleep disorders were analyzed using binary logistic regression, and the effect of the interaction between occupational stress and job burnout on sleep disorders were evaluated after adjusting for selected confounding factors.
Results Of the 2300 questionnaires distributed, after excluding invalid questionnaires, a total of 2060 questionnaires were valid and the valid recovery rate was 89.57%. There were 1069 males (51.89%) and 991 females (48.11%), and the average age was (40.89±8.22) years old. The prevalence rate of sleep disorders among the oil workers was 34.76%, and the differences among different gender, age, working age, type of work, shift system, education and marital status groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05); 986 (47.86%) workers experienced occupational stress, and the prevalence rates were higher in males (57.06%), age group ≥45 years (52.63%), technical secondary school and below education group (51.87%) ,working age group > 15 years (50.47%), oil transportation workers (50.95%), shift workers (56.34%), and workers with a monthly income > 4000 yuan (51.70%); 1749 workers (84.90%) experienced job burnout, of which the prevalence rate of moderate burnout was higher (50.68%). Except the subjective sleep quality of oil workers between different occupational stress groups ( Z=−1.02,P=0.308), the total score of PSQI and the scores of remaining dimensions were varied among different occupational stress and job burnout groups (P < 0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis found that being females, age ≥ 30 years, working age ≥ 15 years, oil transportation workers, shift work, severe burnout, and occupational stress were associated with an increased risk of reporting sleep disorders ( P<0.05); the interaction between occupational stress and severe burnout led to a 11.403-fold increase in the risk of reporting sleep disorders (OR=11.403, 95%CI: 5.107-25.462).
Conclusion Oil workers are experiencing poor sleep quality, and occupational stress, job burnout and their interaction would increase the risk of sleep disorders.
下载:
