胡晓琪, 吴春艳, 张芳, 丁文军. 外泌体在呼吸系统疾病中的作用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(5): 561-569. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21364
引用本文: 胡晓琪, 吴春艳, 张芳, 丁文军. 外泌体在呼吸系统疾病中的作用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(5): 561-569. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21364
HU Xiaoqi, WU Chunyan, ZHANG Fang, DING Wenjun. Role of exosomes in respiratory diseases[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(5): 561-569. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21364
Citation: HU Xiaoqi, WU Chunyan, ZHANG Fang, DING Wenjun. Role of exosomes in respiratory diseases[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(5): 561-569. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21364

外泌体在呼吸系统疾病中的作用

Role of exosomes in respiratory diseases

  • 摘要: 呼吸系统疾病是多种因素长期综合作用所致的呼吸道病变,主要包括急性肺损伤、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、特发性肺纤维化等。近期研究表明,由自体细胞产生和分泌的细胞外囊泡介导的炎症反应和免疫激活在呼吸系统疾病中发挥了重要作用。其中,外泌体是一类细胞外囊泡(直径为30~150 nm),能够在细胞间转运核酸、蛋白质、脂质和代谢物等物质,其作为细胞间通讯的生物活性载体参与机体生理病理的调控。目前,外泌体在恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病等方面的研究已非常广泛,但其对呼吸道生理病理的调控机制尚未完全阐明。本文首先总结了从支气管肺泡灌洗液、鼻灌洗液、呼出气冷凝液、痰液和血液中分离和鉴定外泌体的方法,然后着重讨论了外泌体在呼吸道疾病发生发展中的调控机制,以及在呼吸系统疾病诊断和治疗中的应用潜力,以期为其在环境与职业颗粒物暴露诱发的呼吸系统疾病方面的研究提供参考依据。

     

    Abstract: Respiratory diseases are a group of different conditions affecting the airways, including acute lung injury, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have demonstrated the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced and secreted by autologous cells are able to induce inflammatory responses and immune activation in respiratory diseases. Exosomes, a type of EVs (30-150 nm) containing nuclear acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, can transfer bioactive cargo and have potential implications for disease pathogenesis. Although the biological functions of exosomes in cancer and cardiovascular diseases have been widely addressed, their pathophysiological mechanisms in respiratory disorders are still not completely understood. In this review, we first presented current methodologies in use for exosomes isolation and characterization from biological fluids, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal lavage fluid, exhaled breath condensate, sputum supernatant, and blood. And then, we critically discussed the crucial role of exosomes in respiratory diseases, not only focusing on their involvement in the development of airway diseases, but also on their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. A better understanding of these mechanisms will provide opportunities for research on respiratory diseases induced by environmental and occupational exposure to particulate matter in which exosomes contribute to the disease development.

     

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