环境气象因素对新型冠状病毒肺炎传播影响的研究进展
Research progress on influence of environmental and meteorological parameters on transmission of coronavirus disease 2019
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摘要:
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）在世界范围内迅速蔓延，已成为全球大流行病。气象条件被认为是影响传染病流行和传播的关键因素之一。在此情景下，世界气象组织及国内外学者对环境气象因素与COVID-19的关系展开了积极探讨。本文系统收集和整理国内外相关研究，综述了不同统计模型下环境气象因素对COVID-19影响的最新研究进展，将环境气象因素分为典型气象因素（温度、湿度、风速等）、局部环境因素（室内封闭环境、通风、空气消毒、空调等）和空气污染。目前研究证据提示，典型气象因素、局部环境因素、空气污染物与COVID-19的传播密切相关，但由于影响机制的不明确、研究地域和研究方法的差异等，当前不同研究的结果仍存在分歧。本综述阐明了环境气象因素对COVID-19传播的重要性，为控制COVID-19进一步的大规模传播及制定不同环境气象条件下的预防和控制措施提供有益的启示。
Abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world and has become a global pandemic. Meteorological factors have been recognized as one of the critical factors that influence the epidemiology and transmission of infectious diseases. In this context, the World Meteorological Organization and scholars at home and abroad have paid extensive attention to the relationships of environment and meteorology with COVID-19. This paper systematically collected and sorted out relevant domestic and foreign studies, and reviewed the latest research progress on the impact of environmental and meteorological factors on COVID-19, classifying them into typical meteorological factors (such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed), local environmental factors (such as indoor enclosed environment, ventilation, disinfection, and air conditioning), and air pollution. Current research evidence suggests that typical meteorological factors, local environmental factors, and air pollutants are closely related to the transmission of COVID-19. However, the results of different studies are still divergent due to uncertainty about the influencing mechanism, and differences in research areas and methods. This review elucidated the importance of environmental and meteorological factors to the spread of COVID-19, and provided useful implications for the control of further large-scale transmission of COVID-19 and the development of prevention and control strategies under different environmental and meteorological conditions.
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