精神疲劳在监狱民警自然暴露和心理健康间的中介作用
Mediating role of mental fatigue between nature exposure and mental health of prison police
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摘要:
背景 监狱民警的心理健康状况关系到整个监狱的工作效率和安全稳定，其影响因素值得重点关注。
目的 了解监狱民警的心理健康状况，并分析自然暴露对心理健康的影响，以及精神疲劳在二者间的中介作用。
方法 本研究为横断面问卷调查，于2022年5月至6月对某省8所监狱，采用方便抽样的方法选取1392名监狱民警进行问卷测量，共回收有效问卷1284份。采用《自然暴露量表》《精神疲劳量表》《抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表》对监狱民警的自然暴露水平、精神疲劳程度以及心理健康水平进行调查，并探究自然暴露对心理健康问题的作用及精神疲劳的中介效应。
结果 监狱民警抑郁、焦虑、压力水平较高。其中抑郁症状检出率为59.11%（759/1284），焦虑症状检出率为60.67%（779/1284），压力症状检出率为43.93%（564/1284）。相关分析显示，监狱民警的自然暴露与精神疲劳、心理健康指标（抑郁、焦虑、压力）均呈显著负相关（
r s =−0.242、−0.308、−0.235、−0.254，P 均<0.01），精神疲劳与心理健康指标（抑郁、焦虑、压力）呈显著正相关（r s =0.546、0.533、0.536，P 均<0.01）。使用PROCESS宏程序检验中介效应，结果显示，监狱民警的自然暴露水平负向预测抑郁、焦虑、压力（β =−0.180、−0.104、−0.123），且均存在精神疲劳的中介作用，间接效应值分别为−0.200、−0.192、−0.199。结论 与一般职业相比，监狱民警抑郁、焦虑、压力水平较高；自然暴露水平负向预测抑郁、焦虑和压力，即自然暴露可以直接缓解监狱民警心理健康问题；同时，自然暴露也可以通过改善精神疲劳，从而纾解其心理健康问题。
Abstract:Background The mental health status of prison officers is crucial to the efficiency, security, and stability of a prison, and it is essential to pay attention to the factors that influence their mental health.
Objective To understand the mental health status of prison officers, and analyze how nature exposure affects their mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue.
Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to June 2022 among 1392 prison officers from eight prisons in a province, and a total of 1284 valid questionnaires were recovered. The Nature Exposure Scale, Mental Fatigue Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale were used to assess nature exposure, mental fatigue, and mental health indicators among prison officers, and to explore the effect of nature exposure on mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue.
Results The recruited prison officers showed high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 59.11% (759/1284), 60.67% (779/1284),and 43.93% (564/1284), respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that nature exposure was negatively related with mental fatigue and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (
r s =−0.242, −0.308, −0.235, −0.254,P <0.01), while mental fatigue was positively correlated with mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (r s =0.546, 0.533, 0.536,P <0.01). The PROCESS macro results showed that the level of nature exposure among prison officers negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (β =−0.180, −0.104, −0.123), and mental fatigue played a mediating role, with indirect effects of −0.200, −0.192, and −0.199, respectively.Conclusion The levels of depression, anxiety, and stress of prison officers are higher than those of other occupations. Nature exposure negatively associates with depression, anxiety, and stress, that is, it may directly alleviate the mental health problems of prison officers; and it may also alleviate mental health problems by relieving mental fatigue.
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