高原地区军人正念注意觉知对睡眠质量的影响：职业倦怠与职业压力的链式中介效应
Effects of mindful attention awareness on sleep quality of soldiers stationed in plateau areas: Chain-mediated effect of burnout and occupational stress
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摘要:
背景 睡眠质量是影响高原地区军人工作效能的重要因素之一。
目的 探讨正念注意觉知、职业倦怠、职业压力对高原地区军人睡眠质量的影响。
方法 采用整群抽样法，使用职业压力量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、职业倦怠量表和正念注意觉知量表对某4支高原部队1090名军人进行横断面问卷调查，并对结果进行相关性分析、回归分析及中介效应检验。
结果 本研究共发放问卷1090份，回收有效问卷1082份，有效回收率为99.26%，高原地区军人睡眠质量指数得分
M （P 25，P 75）为4.00（2.00，7.00）分，职业压力为26.00（17.00，34.00）分，职业倦怠为3.53（3.13，4.00）分，正念注意觉知为71.00（59.00，82.00）分。不同年龄组军人的职业倦怠和正念注意觉知水平及不同军龄组军人的职业倦怠、职业压力水平不同（P <0.05），不同学历、性别军人的职业压力、睡眠质量指数、职业倦怠水平、正念注意觉知水平不同（P <0.05）。中介效应分析结果提示职业压力和职业倦怠在正念注意觉知和睡眠质量指数关系中存在显著中介作用，效应量为15.3%、21.5%，并且存在职业压力-职业倦怠的显著链式中介作用，效应量为31.8%。结论 高原地区军人的职业压力、职业倦怠在正念注意觉知和睡眠质量指数间存在中介作用，并且正念注意觉知可以通过职业压力-职业倦怠的链式中介作用影响睡眠质量。
Abstract:Background Sleep quality is one of the important factors affecting soldiers’ task performance.
Objective To explore the effects of mindful attention awareness, burnout, and occupational stress on sleep quality among soldiers in plateau areas.
Methods A total of 1090 soldiers were selected from four units in plateau areas by cluster sampling method and were asked to participate a cross-sectional questionnaire survey using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI), Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediated effect test were conducted for the study.
Results Of the 1090 soldiers recruited, 1082 soldiers returned valid questionnaires, and the valid recovery rate was 99.26%. The median (
P 25,P 75) score of PSQI was 4.00 (2.00,7.00), the median score of OSI was 26.00 (17.00, 34.00), the median score of MBI-GS was 3.53 (3.13, 4.00), and the median score of MAAS was 71.00 (59.00, 82.00). The burnout and mindful attention awareness levels varied among military personnel of different age groups (P <0.05), so did the burnout and occupational stress levels among military personnel of different length of service groups (P <0.05), and the occupational stress, PSQI, burnout, and mindful attention awareness levels among military personnel with different educational backgrounds and genders (P <0.05). The results of mediated effect test showed that occupational stress and burnout had both a parallel mediated effect and a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality, with effect sizes of 15.3%, 21.5% and 31.8%, respectively.Conclusion There is a mediated effect on the relationship between mindful attention awareness and sleep quality by the occupational stress and burnout of military personnel in plateau areas, and sleep quality is also affected by mindful attention awareness through the chain-mediated effect of occupational stress and burnout.
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